Musson N D, Kincaid J, Ryan P, Glussman B, Varone L, Gamarra N, Wilson R, Reefe W, Silverman M
VA Medical Center, Miami, Florida 33125.
Dysphagia. 1990;5(2):96-101. doi: 10.1007/BF02412651.
Malnutrition and dehydration are common problems in nursing home patients. One explanation for this may be the large number of patients requiring feeding assistance. The Dysphagia Team at the Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Miami, Florida served as the primary source in the expansion of a nutritionally supportive environment to assist in the prevention of malnutrition and dehydration in patients with feeding/swallowing disorders. "Silver Spoons," a program in which volunteers provide supervised feeding, "Happy Hour," a time each day during which an atmosphere is provided that encourages socialization and hydration, and "Second Seating," during which lunch is provided for patients who require modification of eating style, food texture, or timing are described. Analysis of the program's outcomes show it to be timely, pleasing to patients, and cost-effective.
营养不良和脱水是疗养院患者的常见问题。对此的一种解释可能是大量患者需要喂食帮助。佛罗里达州迈阿密退伍军人事务医疗中心的吞咽困难治疗团队是扩大营养支持环境以帮助预防有喂食/吞咽障碍患者发生营养不良和脱水的主要力量。文中描述了“银勺计划”（志愿者提供监督喂食的项目）、“欢乐时光”（每天营造鼓励社交和补水氛围的时段）以及“二次用餐”（为需要调整用餐方式、食物质地或用餐时间的患者提供午餐）。对该项目成果的分析表明，它及时、令患者满意且具有成本效益。
