Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
Water Sci Technol. 2011;64(3):684-92. doi: 10.2166/wst.2011.686.
Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), especially perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), are fully fluorinated organic compounds, which have been used in many industrial applications. These chemicals have contaminated surface water all over the world even in developing countries like Thailand. The previous study showed the contamination in Chao Phraya River in 2006 and 2007. The purposes of this field study were to determine the solid and liquid phase of PFCs contamination in Chao Phraya River and to compare the changes of PFC concentration in 2008. Surveys were conducted in the lower reach of Chao Phraya River in the industrialized area. A solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled with HPLC-ESI-MS/MS were used for the analysis for ten PFCs. Ten PFCs were analyzed to identify the contamination in both solid and liquid phases. PFCs were detected in both the solid and liquid phase in every sample. PFOA was the most dominant PFC while PFPA and PFOS were also highly detected in most samples. The average loadings of PFPA, PFOA and PFOS in Chao Phraya River were 94.3, 284.6 and 93.4 g/d, respectively. PFOS concentrations did not show differences between 2006 and 2008. However, PFOA concentrations were higher in 2008/5/26, while comparing other samplings. The ratio of solid:liquid PFPA (2.1:1.0) [(ng/g)/(ng/L)] was lower than PFOA (13.9:1.0) [(ng/g)/(ng/L)] and PFOS (17.6:1.0) [(ng/g)/(ng/L)]. The shorter chain (more hydrophilic) PFC was better to dissolve in water rather than adsorb onto suspended solids. PFOS also showed more potential to attach in the suspended solids than PFOA.
全氟化合物（PFCs），特别是全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA），是完全氟化的有机化合物，已被广泛应用于许多工业领域。这些化学物质已经污染了世界各地的地表水，甚至在泰国等发展中国家也是如此。之前的研究表明，2006 年和 2007 年就已经在湄公河 Chao Phraya 流域受到了污染。本野外研究旨在确定 Chao Phraya 河的固相和液相中 PFC 的污染情况，并比较 2008 年 PFC 浓度的变化。调查在 Chao Phraya 河的下游工业区进行。固相萃取（SPE）与高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法（HPLC-ESI-MS/MS）相结合，用于分析十种 PFCs。分析了十种 PFCs，以确定固相和液相中的污染情况。在每个样品中都检测到了固相和液相中的 PFCs。在大多数样品中，PFOA 是最主要的 PFC，而 PFPA 和 PFOS 的检出率也很高。在 Chao Phraya 河，PFPA、PFOA 和 PFOS 的平均负荷分别为 94.3、284.6 和 93.4 g/d。PFOS 浓度在 2006 年和 2008 年之间没有差异。然而，在 2008 年 5 月 26 日，PFOA 浓度较高，而其他采样则较低。固相：液相 PFPA 的比值（2.1:1.0）[（ng/g）/（ng/L）]低于 PFOA（13.9:1.0）[（ng/g）/（ng/L）]和 PFOS（17.6:1.0）[（ng/g）/（ng/L）]。较短链（亲水性更强）的 PFC 更易溶于水，而不易被悬浮固体吸附。与 PFOA 相比，PFOS 更有可能附着在悬浮固体上。
