Zhang Ming, Tang Fang-liang, Yu Ya-yun, Xu Jian-fen, Li Hua, Wu Min-hua, Zhang Wei, Pan Jian-yang
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2015 Dec;36(12):4471-8.
This study studied the pollution characteristics of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in Qiantang River in Hangzhou section (QR). Surface water samples, collected in July 2014 and January 2015 from 14 sites in QR were analyzed for 16 PFCs. All samples were prepared by solid-phase extraction with Oasis WAX cartridges and analyzed using the ultra performance liquid chromatography interfaced to tandem mass spectrometry ( UPLC-MS/MS). The results showed that 8 medium-and short-chain PFCs including C₄ and C₈ perfluorinated sulfonates (PFSAs) and C₄-C₉ perfluorinated carboxylic acids (PFCAs) were detected in the surface waters. The total concentrations of PFCs ranged from 0.98 to 609 ng · L⁻¹, while perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) dominated, with range of 0.59-538 ng L⁻¹, and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) was detected at lower levels, ranging from 0 to 2.48 ng · L⁻¹. The spatial distribution of PFCs varied, and the pollutant concentrations at the sampling sites located in upstream of the river such as Lanjiangkou and Jiangjunyan were relatively high, PFCs concentration showed a decreasing trend from the upstream to the downstream. According to the ratio of feature components, PFCs in surface water of QR originated largely from the input of direct sewage emissions. Taken together, the PFCs pollution was highly correlated with the upstream of Qiantang River valley's industry distribution, and most of the mass load in the investigated river was attributed to upstream running water with a minor influence from the wastewater discharges along the river basin. Overall, the results presented here indicated that greater attention should be given to the contamination of PFCs, especially for PFOA in water body of QR.
本研究对杭州段钱塘江（QR）中全氟化合物（PFCs）的污染特征进行了研究。于2014年7月和2015年1月从QR的14个采样点采集地表水样本，分析其中的16种全氟化合物。所有样本均采用Oasis WAX固相萃取小柱进行制备，并使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用仪（UPLC-MS/MS）进行分析。结果表明，在地表水中检测到8种中短链全氟化合物，包括C₄和C₈全氟磺酸（PFSAs）以及C₄ - C₉全氟羧酸（PFCAs）。全氟化合物的总浓度范围为0.98至609 ng·L⁻¹，其中全氟辛酸（PFOA）占主导，范围为0.59 - 538 ng·L⁻¹，而全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）的检测水平较低，范围为0至2.48 ng·L⁻¹。全氟化合物的空间分布存在差异，位于河流上游的采样点如兰江口和将军岩的污染物浓度相对较高，全氟化合物浓度呈现出从上游向下游递减的趋势。根据特征成分的比例，QR地表水的全氟化合物主要源于直接污水排放。总体而言，全氟化合物污染与钱塘江流域上游的工业分布高度相关，调查河段中的大部分质量负荷归因于上游径流，流域沿岸废水排放的影响较小。总体而言，此处呈现的结果表明应更加关注全氟化合物的污染，尤其是QR水体中的全氟辛酸。
