Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA.
Cancer Lett. 2012 Feb 28;315(2):97-111. doi: 10.1016/j.canlet.2011.10.017. Epub 2011 Oct 20.
Antibodies, with their unmatched ability for selective binding to any target, are considered as potentially the most specific probes for imaging. Their clinical utility, however, has been limited chiefly due to their slow clearance from the circulation, longer retention in non-targeted tissues and the extensive optimization required for each antibody-tracer. The development of newer contrast agents, combined with improved conjugation strategies and novel engineered forms of antibodies (diabodies, minibodies, single chain variable fragments, and nanobodies), have triggered a new wave of antibody-based imaging approaches. Apart from their conventional use with nuclear imaging probes, antibodies and their modified forms are increasingly being employed with non-radioisotopic contrast agents (MRI and ultrasound) as well as newer imaging modalities, such as quantum dots, near infra red (NIR) probes, nanoshells and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). The review article discusses new developments in the usage of antibodies and their modified forms in conjunction with probes of various imaging modalities such as nuclear imaging, optical imaging, ultrasound, MRI, SERS and nanoshells in preclinical and clinical studies on the diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic responses of cancer.
抗体具有选择性结合任何靶标的无与伦比的能力，被认为是最具特异性的成像探针。然而，由于其在循环中清除缓慢、在非靶向组织中滞留时间长以及每个抗体示踪剂都需要广泛优化，其临床应用受到限制。新型造影剂的发展，结合改进的结合策略和新型工程抗体形式（二抗体、迷你抗体、单链可变片段和纳米抗体），引发了一波新的基于抗体的成像方法。除了与核成像探针的常规应用外，抗体及其修饰形式也越来越多地与非放射性同位素造影剂（MRI 和超声）以及新型成像方式（如量子点、近红外（NIR）探针、纳米壳和表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS））一起使用。本文综述了抗体及其修饰形式与各种成像方式（如核成像、光学成像、超声、MRI、SERS 和纳米壳）的探针结合在癌症的诊断、预后和治疗反应的临床前和临床研究中的新进展。
