Peng Xianzhi, Zhang Kun, Tang Caiming, Huang Qiuxin, Yu Yiyi, Cui Jianlan
State key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 511 Kehua Street, Guangzhou 510640, China.
J Environ Monit. 2011 Feb;13(2):446-54. doi: 10.1039/c0em00394h. Epub 2010 Dec 15.
Occurrence, behavior and fate of several groups of antibacterials were investigated in municipal wastewater, sewage sludge, and urban river water in China. Fluoroquinolones (e.g., ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, and ofloxacin), macrolides (dehydroerythromycin, roxithromycin, and clarithromycin), sulfonamides (sulfamethoxazole and sulfamethazine) and trimethoprim were ubiquitously detected in the wastewater in China. Fluoroquinolones were generally the most abundant in the raw sewage, with a maximum concentration of up to 6415 ng L(-1) observed for norfloxacin. Sulfonamides and macrolides transported predominantly in the aqueous phase. A median percentage of 67% of sulfonamides and 86% of macrolides remained in the final effluent after treatment in sewage treatment plants. On the contrary, sorption played a significant role in transport of fluoroquinolones and approximately half of the fluoroquinolones finally ended up and persisted in the dewatered sludge. In the urban section of the Pearl River at Guangzhou, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and macrolides were widely present at median concentrations of 22-735 ng L(-1), whereas fluoroquinolones were only occasionally detected at 2-152 ng L(-1), probably due to their strong tendency of partition to sediment and/or photodegradability. The result of principal components analysis suggests input of non-sewage derived sulfamethazine in the Pearl River. Seasonal variations of the antibacterials distribution in the wastewater are mainly ascribed to different consumption. Dilution effect by precipitation, however, also plays an important role in seasonal distribution of the antibacterials in the Pearl River.
对中国城市污水、污泥及城市河水中几类抗菌剂的出现情况、行为和归宿进行了研究。在中国的污水中普遍检测到氟喹诺酮类（如环丙沙星、诺氟沙星和氧氟沙星）、大环内酯类（脱水红霉素、罗红霉素和克拉霉素）、磺胺类（磺胺甲恶唑和磺胺二甲嘧啶）和甲氧苄啶。氟喹诺酮类通常在原污水中含量最高，诺氟沙星的最高浓度达6415 ng L(-1)。磺胺类和大环内酯类主要在水相中迁移。污水处理厂处理后，最终出水的磺胺类和大环内酯类的中位数百分比分别为67%和86%。相反，吸附在氟喹诺酮类的迁移中起重要作用，约一半的氟喹诺酮类最终进入脱水污泥并在其中残留。在广州珠江的城市段，磺胺类、甲氧苄啶和大环内酯类广泛存在，中位数浓度为22 - 735 ng L(-1)，而氟喹诺酮类仅偶尔检测到，浓度为2 - 152 ng L(-1)，这可能是由于它们强烈的向沉积物分配的倾向和/或光降解性。主成分分析结果表明珠江中有非污水来源的磺胺二甲嘧啶输入。污水中抗菌剂分布的季节变化主要归因于不同的消费量。然而，降水的稀释作用在珠江抗菌剂的季节分布中也起重要作用。
