On the psychology of cough.

Neurobiological research is increasingly documenting the role of higher brain areas in cough, but little systematic behavioral research on the role of psychological factors exists. In this article we discuss the role of perceptual, attentional, cognitive, and emotional factors, learning mechanisms, self-regulation, and the role of social context. We also describe how interactions among these mechanisms can help to shed light on idiopathic cough and on placebo/nocebo effects on cough. This functional-behavioral perspective may lay the groundwork for a structured research program on the role of psychological factors in cough.