Bolland J E, Ward J Y, Bolland T W
School of Home Economics, College of Health and Human Services, Ohio University, Athens 45701.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1990 Oct;90(10):1402-4, 1407.
Subjects from a large introductory nutrition course were divided into two groups, one that received training on estimating food quantities and one that received no instruction. Training consisted of 10-minute sessions during which subjects passed around and viewed 10 food models labeled with their respective quantities. The trained subjects estimated quantities of six real foods at one of three points in time: immediately after training, 1 week later, or 4 weeks later. Untrained subjects estimated quantities of the same six foods. For all foods combined, trained subjects gave significantly better estimates than untrained subjects, whether estimates were made immediately after training, 1 week later, or 4 weeks later. The estimates of the trained subjects on the day of training and 1 week later were not significantly different, but both were significantly better than estimates made 4 weeks later. In regard to individual food items, trained subjects estimating immediately or 1 week later were always more accurate than untrained subjects. Effects of training disappeared by week 4 for three of the six foods. These results support the use of training, with food models, to improve an individual's ability to estimate food quantities accurately and indicate that the impact of such training lasts for at least 1 week and can last up to 4 weeks. The findings imply that training with periodic reviews may be necessary in a clinical setting to ensure that patients estimate their food consumption accurately.
来自一门大型基础营养学课程的学生被分成两组，一组接受了关于估算食物量的培训，另一组未接受任何指导。培训包括10分钟的课程，在此期间，学生们传阅并查看了10个标有各自数量的食物模型。接受培训的学生在三个时间点之一估算六种真实食物的量：培训结束后立即估算、1周后估算或4周后估算。未接受培训的学生估算同样六种食物的量。对于所有食物的综合估算，无论估算在培训结束后立即进行、1周后进行还是4周后进行，接受培训的学生给出的估算都明显优于未接受培训的学生。接受培训的学生在培训当天和1周后的估算没有显著差异，但两者都明显优于4周后的估算。对于个别食物项目，在培训后立即或1周后进行估算的接受培训的学生总是比未接受培训的学生更准确。对于六种食物中的三种，到第4周时培训效果消失。这些结果支持使用食物模型进行培训，以提高个人准确估算食物量的能力，并表明这种培训的影响至少持续1周，最长可达4周。研究结果表明，在临床环境中可能需要定期进行复习培训，以确保患者准确估算他们的食物摄入量。
