Department of Animal Sciences and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Annu Rev Food Sci Technol. 2010;1:363-95. doi: 10.1146/annurev.food.102308.124101.
In the human gastrointestinal tract, dietary components, including fiber, that reach the colon are fermented principally to short-chain fatty acids, hydrogen, and carbon dioxide. Microbial disposal of the hydrogen generated during anaerobic fermentation in the human colon is critical to optimal functioning of this ecosystem. However, our understanding of microbial hydrogenotrophy is fragmented and, at least as it occurs in the colon, is mostly theoretical in nature. Thorough investigation and integration of knowledge on the diversity of hydrogenotrophic microbes, their metabolic variation and activities as a functional group, as well as the nature of their interactions with fermentative bacteria, are necessary to understand hydrogen metabolism in the human colon. Here, we review the limited data available on the three major groups of H(2)-consuming microorganisms found in the human colon [methanogens, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), and acetogens] as well as evidence that end products of their metabolism have an important impact on colonic health.
在人类胃肠道中，到达结肠的膳食成分（包括纤维）主要发酵为短链脂肪酸、氢气和二氧化碳。在人类结肠中厌氧发酵过程中产生的氢气的微生物处理对这个生态系统的最佳功能至关重要。然而，我们对微生物氢营养的理解是零散的，至少就其在结肠中的存在而言，本质上主要是理论上的。彻底调查和整合有关氢营养微生物多样性、它们的代谢变化和作为一个功能群的活性以及它们与发酵细菌相互作用的性质的知识，对于理解人类结肠中的氢代谢是必要的。在这里，我们回顾了在人类结肠中发现的三种主要的 H(2)消耗微生物（产甲烷菌、硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）和产乙酸菌）的有限可用数据，以及它们的代谢产物对结肠健康有重要影响的证据。
