Scaramucci M K, Laylon J I
J Dent Hyg. 1990 Jan;64(1):25-9.
Related to the issue of sexism is the concept of psychological androgyny, or the lack of tendency toward masculine or feminine traits. Studies have examined psychological androgyny through administration of the BEM Sex-Role Inventory and the Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey. Whereas one researcher concluded that dental hygiene students are stereotypically feminine, another researcher reported the tendency toward traditionally masculine traits. Both researchers utilized samples consisting solely of baccalaureate students. This paper presents the issue of psychological androgyny, the impact that sex-typing has on the profession of dental hygiene, and the results of a study examining androgyny among dental hygiene students. Three hundred twenty-one first- and second-year dental hygiene students representing four geographic regions within the United States were sampled. The 60-item BEM Sex-Role Inventory was administered to determine the extent of masculinity, femininity, and androgyny within this sample. Comparisons were made by degree program, class status, and geographic location. The authors tested the hypothesis that baccalaureate degree-seeking dental hygiene students were more androgynous than associate degree-seeking dental hygiene students. Data were analyzed by a general linear model for unbalanced designs and chi-square to determine significance. Results indicated that students in all dental hygiene programs are most frequently sex-typed as feminine, with androgyny as the second most frequently sex-typed characteristic. There was a significant difference in psychological androgyny when comparing students by degree program. A greater number of baccalaureate degree-seeking students reflected an androgynous sex-typing.
与性别歧视问题相关的是心理双性化的概念，即缺乏男性或女性特质的倾向。研究通过使用贝姆性别角色量表（BEM Sex-Role Inventory）和吉尔福德-齐默尔曼气质调查（Guilford-Zimmerman Temperament Survey）来考察心理双性化。一位研究人员得出结论，口腔卫生专业的学生刻板印象上具有女性特质，而另一位研究人员则报告了他们具有传统男性特质的倾向。两位研究人员都仅使用了本科学生作为样本。本文提出了心理双性化的问题、性别类型划分对口腔卫生专业的影响，以及一项关于口腔卫生专业学生双性化的研究结果。对代表美国四个地理区域的321名一年级和二年级口腔卫生专业学生进行了抽样。使用60项的贝姆性别角色量表来确定该样本中男性化、女性化和双性化的程度。按学位课程、年级和地理位置进行了比较。作者检验了一个假设，即攻读学士学位的口腔卫生专业学生比攻读副学士学位的学生更具双性化。通过非平衡设计的一般线性模型和卡方检验对数据进行分析以确定显著性。结果表明，所有口腔卫生专业课程的学生最常被归为女性类型，双性化是第二常见的性别类型特征。按学位课程比较学生时，心理双性化存在显著差异。攻读学士学位的学生中，有更多人表现出双性化的性别类型。
