Vafaei Afshin, Alvarado Beatriz, Tomás Concepcion, Muro Carmen, Martinez Beatriz, Zunzunegui Maria Victoria
Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2014 Sep-Oct;59(2):257-63. doi: 10.1016/j.archger.2014.05.012. Epub 2014 Jun 6.
The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) is the most commonly used and validated gender role measurement tool across countries and age groups. However, it has been rarely validated in older adults and sporadically used in aging and health studies. Perceived gender role is a crucial part of a person's identity and an established determinant of health. Androgyny model suggests that those with high levels of both masculinity and femininity (androgynous) are more adaptive and hence have better health. Our objectives were to explore the validity of BSRI in an older Spanish population, to compare different standard methods of measuring gender roles, and to examine their impact on health indicators. The BSRI and health indicator questions were completed by 120 community-dwelling adults aged 65+ living in Aragon, Spain. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to examine psychometric properties of the BSRI. Androgyny was measured by three approaches: geometric mean, t-ratio, and traditional four-gender groups classification. Relationships between health indicators and gender roles were explored. Factor analysis resulted in two-factor solution consistent with the original masculine and feminine items with high loadings and good reliability. There were no associations between biological sex and gender roles. Different gender role measurement approaches classified participants differently into gender role groups. Overall, androgyny was associated with better mobility and physical and mental health. The traditional four groups approach showed higher compatibility with the androgyny model and was better able to disentangle the differential impact of gender roles on health.
贝姆性别角色量表（BSRI）是各国和各年龄组最常用且经过验证的性别角色测量工具。然而，它在老年人中很少得到验证，在衰老与健康研究中也只是偶尔被使用。感知到的性别角色是个人身份的关键部分，也是健康的既定决定因素。双性化模型表明，兼具高水平男性气质和女性气质（双性化）的人更具适应性，因此健康状况更好。我们的目标是探讨BSRI在西班牙老年人群中的有效性，比较测量性别角色的不同标准方法，并研究它们对健康指标的影响。居住在西班牙阿拉贡的120名65岁及以上的社区居民完成了BSRI和健康指标问题。进行探索性因素分析以检验BSRI的心理测量特性。双性化通过三种方法进行测量：几何平均数、t比率和传统的四性别组分类。探讨了健康指标与性别角色之间的关系。因素分析得出了一个双因素解决方案，与原始的男性气质和女性气质项目一致，负荷较高且可靠性良好。生理性别与性别角色之间没有关联。不同的性别角色测量方法将参与者分到不同的性别角色组中。总体而言，双性化与更好的行动能力以及身心健康相关。传统的四组方法与双性化模型显示出更高的兼容性，并且能够更好地厘清性别角色对健康的不同影响。
