Shimonaka Y, Nakazato K, Marushima R
Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Japan.
Aging (Milano). 1994 Feb;6(1):43-8. doi: 10.1007/BF03324212.
The present study examined Gutmann's role reversal theory and Sinnott's role blurring (androgyny) theory. A total of 384 Japanese community aged were compared to 289 students using the Bem Sex Role Inventory. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale was used to measure psychological well-being. Masculinity was higher among men than women, and the old showed higher femininity than the young. However, no significant cohort by sex interaction was observed in either masculine or feminine scores. To examine the relationship between androgyny and psychological well-being, subjects were classified into androgynous, masculine, feminine and undifferentiated groups. Analysis of variance (sex role typing x sex x cohort) on self-esteem revealed a significant sex role typing effect. The androgynous men and women possessed the highest self-esteem, followed by the masculine, feminine and undifferentiated men and women, in this order. Our results supported Sinnott's but not Gutmann's theory.
本研究检验了古特曼的角色反转理论和辛诺特的角色模糊（双性化）理论。使用贝姆性别角色量表，将384名日本社区老年人与289名学生进行了比较。采用罗森伯格自尊量表来测量心理健康状况。男性的男子气概高于女性，老年人表现出比年轻人更高的女性气质。然而，在男性气质或女性气质得分中均未观察到显著的性别与队列交互作用。为了检验双性化与心理健康之间的关系，将受试者分为双性化、男性化、女性化和未分化组。自尊的方差分析（性别角色类型×性别×队列）显示出显著的性别角色类型效应。双性化的男性和女性拥有最高的自尊，其次依次是男性化、女性化和未分化的男性和女性。我们的结果支持辛诺特的理论，但不支持古特曼的理论。
