Department of Microbial Diseases, University College, London, UK.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;358:155-213. doi: 10.1007/82_2011_188.
Implicit in the central dogma is the hypothesis that each protein gene product has but one function. However, over the past decade, it has become clear that many proteins have one or more unique functions, over-and-above the principal biological action of the specific protein. This phenomenon is now known as protein moonlighting and many well-known proteins such as metabolic enzymes and molecular chaperones are now recognised as moonlighting proteins. A growing number of bacterial species are being found to have moonlighting proteins and the moonlighting activities of such proteins can contribute to bacterial virulence behaviour. The glycolytic enzymes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPD) and enolase, and the cell stress proteins: chaperonin 60, Hsp70 and peptidyl prolyl isomerase, are among the most common of the bacterial moonlighting proteins which play a role in bacterial virulence. Moonlighting activities include adhesion and modulation of cell signalling processes. It is likely that only the tip of the bacterial moonlighting iceberg has been sighted and the next decade will bring with it many new discoveries of bacterial moonlighting proteins with a role in bacterial virulence.
中心法则隐含的假设是，每个蛋白质基因产物只有一种功能。然而，在过去的十年中，很明显许多蛋白质具有一种或多种独特的功能，超出了特定蛋白质的主要生物学作用。这种现象现在被称为蛋白质兼职，许多众所周知的蛋白质，如代谢酶和分子伴侣，现在被认为是兼职蛋白。越来越多的细菌物种被发现具有兼职蛋白，这些蛋白的兼职活动可以促进细菌的毒力行为。糖酵解酶，甘油醛-3-磷酸脱氢酶（GAPD）和烯醇酶，以及细胞应激蛋白：伴侣素 60、Hsp70 和肽基脯氨酰顺反异构酶，是最常见的细菌兼职蛋白之一，它们在细菌毒力中发挥作用。兼职活动包括粘附和调节细胞信号转导过程。可能只是看到了细菌兼职冰山的一角，未来十年将有许多新的发现与细菌毒力有关的细菌兼职蛋白。
