Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, 06330 Ankara, Turkey.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2012 Aug;63(5):560-5. doi: 10.3109/09637486.2011.642855. Epub 2011 Dec 12.
In this study, antibacterial, antifungal, insecticidal and genotoxic activities of the fruit and leaf extracts of Melia azedarach of Turkish origin were evaluated for the first time. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against Gram (+) and (-) bacteria, four Candida species and three dermatophytic fungus (Trichophyton rubrum, Epidermophyton floccosum and Microsporum gypseum). The insecticidal activity of the methanolic fruit extract was performed against the larvae of Aedes aegpyti, Culex pipiens and Culex quinquefasciatus. The genotoxicity of this extract was evaluated against Drosophila melanogaster by somatic mutation and recombination test. The extracts showed higher antibacterial effect against Gram (-) strains (16-32 μg ml(-1) of minimal inhibition concentration, MIC), while the leaf extracts were more effective on Candida albicans (32 μg ml(-1)of MIC). The extracts did not exhibit insecticidal activity and genotoxicity. Total phenol and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined spectrophotometrically, and the ethyl acetate extract of the leaves was the richest in total flavonoids.
本研究首次评估了源自土耳其的楝树的果实和叶提取物的抗菌、抗真菌、杀虫和遗传毒性活性。评估了抗革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌、四种念珠菌属物种和三种皮肤真菌（红色毛癣菌、絮状表皮癣菌和石膏样小孢子菌）的抗菌活性。对该叶甲醇提取物的杀虫活性进行了评估，以评估其对埃及伊蚊、库蚊和致倦库蚊幼虫的活性。通过体突变和重组试验评估了该提取物对黑腹果蝇的遗传毒性。提取物对革兰氏阴性菌株（最小抑制浓度为 16-32μg ml(-1)，MIC）显示出更高的抗菌作用，而叶提取物对白色念珠菌更为有效（MIC 为 32μg ml(-1)）。提取物没有表现出杀虫活性和遗传毒性。通过分光光度法测定了提取物中的总酚和类黄酮含量，叶的乙酸乙酯提取物是总类黄酮含量最丰富的。
