School of Sport and Exercise Science, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
J Strength Cond Res. 2012 Jan;26(1):299-306. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182185186.
Resisted movement training is that in which the sports movement is performed with added resistance. To date, the effectiveness on enhancing sprint speed or vertical jump height had not been reviewed. The objectives of this review were to collate information on resisted training studies for sprinting and vertical jumping, ascertain whether resisted movement training was superior to normal unresisted movement training, and identify areas for future research. The review was based on peer-reviewed journal articles identified from electronic literature searches using MEDLINE and SPORTDiscus data bases from 1970 to 2010. Resisted sprint training was found to increase sprint speed but, in most cases, was no more effective than normal sprint training. There was some evidence that resisted sprint training was superior in increasing speed in the initial acceleration phase of sprinting. Resisted jump training in the form of weighted jump squats was shown to increase vertical jump height, but it was no more effective than plyometric depth jump training. Direct comparisons between resisted jump training and unresisted normal jump training were limited, but loaded eccentric countermovement jump squat training with unloaded concentric phase and eccentric landing was shown to generate superior results for elite jumpers. More prospective studies on resisted sprint training are required along with monitoring both kinematic and kinetic adaptations to fully determine any underlying mechanisms for any improvements in sprint speed. Based on the available data, the benefits and superiority of resisted sprint training have not been fully established. As for resisted jump training, although there are some promising findings, these results need to be duplicated by other researchers before resisted jump training can be claimed to be more effective than other forms of jump training.
抗阻运动训练是指在运动中增加阻力的训练。迄今为止，尚未对其提高短跑速度或垂直跳跃高度的效果进行评价。本综述的目的是整理关于短跑和垂直跳跃的抗阻训练研究信息，确定抗阻运动训练是否优于常规无抗阻运动训练，并确定未来的研究方向。本综述基于对 1970 年至 2010 年 MEDLINE 和 SPORTDiscus 数据库中同行评审的期刊文章的电子文献检索。研究发现，抗阻短跑训练可以提高短跑速度，但在大多数情况下，其效果并不优于常规短跑训练。有一些证据表明，抗阻短跑训练在提高短跑初始加速阶段的速度方面更有效。以负重跳蹲形式进行的抗阻跳跃训练可以提高垂直跳跃高度，但与增强式深度跳训练相比，其效果并不更优。直接比较抗阻跳跃训练与无抗阻常规跳跃训练的研究有限，但研究显示，在离心缓冲阶段和离心落地阶段使用无负荷向心阶段的负荷偏心反向运动跳蹲训练可以为优秀跳跃运动员产生更好的效果。需要进行更多的抗阻短跑训练前瞻性研究，同时监测运动学和动力学适应，以充分确定任何提高短跑速度的潜在机制。根据现有数据，抗阻短跑训练的益处和优越性尚未得到充分证实。至于抗阻跳跃训练，虽然有一些有希望的发现，但这些结果需要其他研究人员复制，才能声称抗阻跳跃训练比其他形式的跳跃训练更有效。
