Department of Medical Sciences, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Uppsala University, University Hospital, 751 85 Uppsala, Sweden.
Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2012 Apr;215(3):411-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.11.004. Epub 2011 Dec 9.
Several studies have pointed out associations between various metals and cardiovascular disease. Since cardiovascular disease prevalence is different between males and females, we investigated whether circulating levels of metals related differently to coronary risk in men and women. In the Prospective Investigation of the Vasculature in Uppsala Seniors (PIVUS) study, coronary risk was assessed by the Framingham Risk Score together with circulating blood levels of 11 different trace and heavy metals in 1016 subjects aged 70 years. Circulating levels of cadmium, copper and manganese were significantly higher in women than in men, while mercury, zinc and lead were significantly lower following adjustment for kidney function (measured by glomerular filtration rate, GFR). No significant differences between women and men were seen regarding levels of aluminium, molybdenum, cobalt, chromium and nickel. When all 11 metals were entered as independent variables together with GFR in multiple models in the Framingham Risk Score as the dependent variable, cadmium was the major determinant of the Framingham Risk Score in women (p<0.0001, followed by zinc p=0.03), while copper was the major determinant of the Framingham Risk Score in men (p<0.0001, followed by inverse relations vs. aluminium p=0.01 and nickel p=0.01). There are gender differences in levels of metals and also regarding the association between metals and coronary risk, with cadmium levels being most important for women and copper levels for men in this elderly population.
几项研究指出了各种金属与心血管疾病之间的关联。由于男性和女性的心血管疾病患病率不同，我们研究了金属的循环水平是否与男性和女性的冠状动脉风险有不同的相关性。在乌普萨拉老年人前瞻性血管研究（PIVUS）中，通过 Framingham 风险评分以及 1016 名 70 岁受试者的循环血液中 11 种不同的痕量和重金属水平来评估冠状动脉风险。在调整肾功能（肾小球滤过率，GFR）后，镉、铜和锰的循环水平在女性中明显高于男性，而汞、锌和铅则明显低于男性。在考虑到 GFR 的情况下，在 Framingham 风险评分的多元模型中，将所有 11 种金属作为独立变量，以及将 GFR 作为因变量，女性的 GFR 与所有 11 种金属呈正相关，而男性的 GFR 与所有 11 种金属呈负相关。女性中，镉是 Framingham 风险评分的主要决定因素（p<0.0001，其次是锌 p=0.03），而男性中，铜是 Framingham 风险评分的主要决定因素（p<0.0001，其次是与铝呈负相关，p=0.01，与镍呈负相关，p=0.01）。在金属水平以及金属与冠状动脉风险之间的关联方面，存在性别差异，在这个老年人群中，女性的镉水平和男性的铜水平对冠状动脉风险最重要。
