病原体与胎盘堡垒。
Pathogens and the placental fortress.
机构信息
Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2012 Feb;15(1):36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2011.11.006. Epub 2011 Dec 12.
Abstract
Placental infections are major causes of maternal and fetal disease. This review introduces a new paradigm for placental infections based on current knowledge of placental defenses and how this barrier can be breached. Transmission of pathogens from mother to fetus can occur at two sites of direct contact between maternal cells and specialized fetal cells (trophoblasts) in the human placenta: firstly, maternal immune and endothelial cells juxtaposed to extravillous trophoblasts in the uterine implantation site and secondly, maternal blood surrounding the syncytiotrophoblast (SYN). Recent findings suggest that the primary vulnerability is in the implantation site. We explore evidence that the placental SYN evolved as a defense against pathogens, and that inflammation-mediated spontaneous abortion may benefit mother and pathogen.
摘要
胎盘感染是母婴疾病的主要原因。本综述根据目前对胎盘防御机制的认识，提出了一种胎盘感染的新范式，以及这种屏障是如何被突破的。病原体可以从母体传播到胎儿，其途径是母体细胞与胎盘内特化的胎儿细胞（滋养层细胞）之间的两个直接接触部位：首先，是在子宫着床部位与绒毛外滋养层细胞相邻的母体免疫细胞和内皮细胞；其次，是围绕合胞滋养层（SYN）的母体血液。最近的研究结果表明，主要的脆弱部位是在着床部位。我们探讨了胎盘 SYN 作为一种防御病原体的进化的证据，以及炎症介导的自然流产可能对母亲和病原体都有益。
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