Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester, 300 Crittenden Blvd. Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
Tob Control. 2013 Mar;22(2):66-73. doi: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2011-050181. Epub 2011 Dec 14.
To conduct a systematic review of the literature examining risk factors/correlates of cigarette smoking among lesbian, gay and bisexual (ie, sexual minority) populations.
Sets of terms relevant to sexual minority populations and cigarette smoking were used in a simultaneous search of 10 databases through EBSCOhost. The search was limited to the peer-reviewed literature up to January 2011, using no geographic or language limits. For inclusion, the paper was required to: (1) have been written in English, (2) have sexual minorities (defined by either attraction, behaviour, or identity) included in the study population and (3) have examined some form of magnitude of association for risk factors/correlates of any definition of cigarette smoking. A total of 386 abstracts were reviewed independently, with 26 papers meeting all inclusion criteria. Abstracts were reviewed and coded independently by authors JB and JGLL using nine codes derived from the inclusion/exclusion criteria.
Studies used various measures of sexual orientation and of smoking. Risk factors that could be considered unique to sexual minorities included internalised homophobia and reactions to disclosure of sexual orientation. Some studies also indicated common smoking risk factors experienced at higher rates among sexual minorities, including stress, depression, alcohol use and victimisation.
This review identified risks that were associated with sexual minority status and common to the general population but experienced at potentially higher rates by sexual minorities. Government and foundation funds should be directed towards research on the origins of this disparity.
系统综述文献，探讨同性恋、双性恋和（即性少数群体）人群吸烟的危险因素/相关因素。
通过 EBSCOhost 在 10 个数据库中同时使用与性少数群体和吸烟相关的术语集进行搜索。该搜索限于截至 2011 年 1 月的同行评审文献，不设地域或语言限制。为了纳入研究，文章必须满足以下条件：（1）用英文撰写；（2）研究人群中包括性少数群体（由吸引力、行为或身份定义）；（3）对任何定义的吸烟的危险因素/相关因素的某种程度的关联进行了检查。共审查了 386 篇摘要，其中 26 篇符合所有纳入标准。作者 JB 和 JGLL 独立审查和编码摘要，使用了 9 个源自纳入/排除标准的代码。
研究使用了各种性取向和吸烟的衡量标准。可以被认为是性少数群体特有的危险因素包括内化的同性恋恐惧症和对性取向披露的反应。一些研究还表明，性少数群体中常见的吸烟危险因素，包括压力、抑郁、酗酒和受害，其发生率更高。
本综述确定了与性少数群体地位相关的风险因素，这些风险因素与一般人群共同存在，但性少数群体的风险可能更高。政府和基金会的资金应投入到研究这种差异的起源。
