Department of Dermato-Allergology, National Allergy Research Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, University of Copenhagen, DK-2900 Hellerup, Denmark.
Contact Dermatitis. 2012 Mar;66(3):113-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0536.2011.02001.x. Epub 2011 Dec 16.
Cobalt allergy is prevalent in dermatitis patients. Very little documentation exists about current sources of cobalt exposure.
To investigate and discuss putative sources of cobalt exposure and to present selected epidemiological data on cobalt allergy from patch-tested dermatitis patients in an attempt to better understand cobalt allergy.
19,780 dermatitis patients aged 4-99 years were patch tested with nickel, chromium or cobalt between 1985 and 2010. The cobalt spot test was used to test for cobalt ion release from mobile phones as well as cobalt-containing dental alloys and revised hip implant components.
Six of eight dental alloys and 10 of 98 revised hip implant components released cobalt in the cobalt spot test, whereas none of 50 mobile phones gave positive reactions. The clinical relevance of positive cobalt test reactions was difficult to determine in the majority of patients. Isolated patch test reactivity to cobalt was less associated with occupational dermatitis and hand eczema than patch test reactivity to cobalt in combination with other contact allergies.
It is often difficult to interpret the relevance of a positive patch test reaction to cobalt, and there is a need for further studies to determine sources of cobalt exposure.
钴过敏在皮炎患者中很常见。目前关于钴暴露的来源几乎没有相关文献。
调查和讨论钴暴露的潜在来源，并提供来自斑贴试验皮炎患者的钴过敏的部分流行病学数据，以便更好地了解钴过敏。
19780 例年龄在 4-99 岁的皮炎患者于 1985 年至 2010 年间接受了镍、铬或钴斑贴试验。钴斑试用于检测手机中钴离子的释放，以及含钴的牙科合金和改良的髋关节植入物组件。
8 种牙科合金中有 6 种和 98 种改良的髋关节植入物组件中的 10 种在钴斑试中释放出钴，而 50 部手机中没有一部有阳性反应。在大多数患者中，钴斑试阳性反应的临床相关性难以确定。与钴与其他接触过敏联合斑试反应相比，钴单独斑试反应与职业性皮炎和手部湿疹的相关性较低。
钴斑试阳性反应的相关性常常难以解释，需要进一步研究以确定钴暴露的来源。
