德国使用补充和替代医学的全科医生的特征和工作满意度——是否存在模式？
Characteristics and job satisfaction of general practitioners using complementary and alternative medicine in Germany--is there a pattern?
机构信息
Department of General Practice and Health Services Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Voßstrasse 2, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany.
出版信息
BMC Complement Altern Med. 2011 Dec 19;11:131. doi: 10.1186/1472-6882-11-131.
BACKGROUND
The use of Complementary and Alternative medicine (CAM) has increased over the past years. In Germany, many general practitioners (GPs) use CAM in their daily practice. However, little is known about possible differences of GPs using CAM compared to GPs not using CAM. The aim of the study was to explore differences in personal and practice characteristics, work load and job satisfaction of GPs depending on their use of and attitude towards CAM. Furthermore, predictors for CAM use should be explored.
METHODS
A questionnaire was developed based on qualitatively derived data. In addition, a validated instrument assessing job satisfaction was included in the questionnaire, which was sent to 3000 randomly selected GPs in Germany.
RESULTS
1027 returned the questionnaire of which 737 indicated to use CAM in daily practice. We found that GPs using CAM are more female, younger and have a trend towards a healthier life style. Their practices have higher proportions of privately insured patients and are slightly better technically equipped with ultrasound. GPs with a positive attitude had significant better values within the job satisfaction scale and lower working hours per week compared to GPs with neutral/negative attitude. Significant predictors for CAM use were a positive attitude towards CAM, holding a special qualification in CAM, own CAM use and the availability of an ultrasound in practice.
CONCLUSIONS
The identified differences suggest that those GPs using and believing in CAM have a different medical orientation and approach which in turn may influence their job satisfaction. With this finding CAM use turns out to be a relevant factor regarding job satisfaction and, with this, may be a possible lever to counteract the growing dissatisfaction of GPs in Germany. This finding could also be important for designing strategies to promote the recruitment of young doctors to general practice.
背景
在过去几年中，补充和替代医学（CAM）的使用有所增加。在德国，许多全科医生（GP）在日常实践中使用 CAM。然而，对于使用 CAM 的 GP 与不使用 CAM 的 GP 之间可能存在的差异知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨 GP 个人和实践特征、工作负荷和工作满意度的差异，这些差异取决于他们对 CAM 的使用和态度。此外，还应探讨 CAM 使用的预测因素。
方法
根据定性得出的数据制定了一份问卷。此外，问卷中还包含了一项评估工作满意度的经过验证的工具，该问卷被发送给德国 3000 名随机选择的 GP。
结果
有 1027 名 GP 回复了问卷，其中 737 名表示在日常实践中使用 CAM。我们发现，使用 CAM 的 GP 更年轻、更女性化，生活方式也更健康。他们的实践中有更高比例的私人保险患者，并且在技术设备方面稍微更好，如配备了超声设备。对 CAM 持积极态度的 GP 在工作满意度量表中的值明显更高，每周工作时间也比持中立/消极态度的 GP 更短。CAM 使用的显著预测因素包括对 CAM 的积极态度、持有 CAM 特殊资格、自身使用 CAM 以及在实践中提供超声设备。
结论
所确定的差异表明，那些使用和相信 CAM 的 GP 具有不同的医学取向和方法，这反过来可能会影响他们的工作满意度。CAM 的使用是工作满意度的一个相关因素，这一发现可能是对抗德国 GP 日益不满的一个可能的手段。这一发现对于制定战略以吸引年轻医生到全科医生实践中也可能很重要。
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