National Reference Laboratory for Poultry Diseases, Animal Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Park Road, Islamabad 45500, Pakistan.
Poult Sci. 2012 Jan;91(1):129-38. doi: 10.3382/ps.2011-01530.
During routine avian influenza surveillance in Pakistan, a low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAI) subtype H3N1 was isolated for the first time from domestic chickens. The higher seroprevalence of H3N1 was recorded in both commercial and domestic poultry in ecological zones of Pakistan where the geographical proximity with neighboring countries and attractive birding sites provide better opportunities for frequent movements of wild and migratory birds, and their intermingling with the local domestic and commercial poultry. Subsequent whole genome sequencing of this virus revealed a new introduction of a reassortant Eurasian avian strain, which was distinguishable from corresponding human and swine strains isolated elsewhere. Phylogenetically, the HA gene was mostly clustered with Nordic (Scandinavian) strains of influenza viruses, whereas the NA and PB1 genes showed a maximum nucleotide sequence homology with the Indian H11N1, and the PB2 gene was found to be closely related to the Altai H5N2. The Matrix and NP genes of H3N1 mostly clustered with the European avian influenza viruses (AIV), whereas its NS and PA genes showed maximum nucleotide homologies with the African (Egypt) AIV strains. A sequence and amino acid analysis revealed an LP motif, avian-like receptor specificity, potential glycosylation sites, and sensitivities to oseltamivir, zanamivir, and amantadine. Some point mutations possessed by this Pakistani AIV H3N1 were also found in human, equine, and swine H3 influenza viruses. This H3N1 isolate showed less nucleotide sequence homology with the previously known Pakistani AIV as compared with other Eurasian AIV strains.
在巴基斯坦的常规禽流感监测中,首次从国内鸡群中分离到低致病性禽流感病毒(LPAI)亚型 H3N1。在巴基斯坦生态区的商业和国内家禽中,H3N1 的血清阳性率均较高,这些生态区与邻国地理位置接近,并有吸引鸟类的景点,为野生和迁徙鸟类的频繁活动以及它们与当地国内和商业家禽的混合提供了更好的机会。随后对该病毒的全基因组测序显示,一种新的欧亚禽源重组株的引入,这与其他地方分离的相应人类和猪株不同。从系统进化角度来看,HA 基因主要与北欧(斯堪的纳维亚)流感病毒株聚类,而 NA 和 PB1 基因与印度 H11N1 的核苷酸序列同源性最高,而 PB2 基因与阿尔泰山 H5N2 密切相关。H3N1 的基质和 NP 基因主要与欧洲禽流感病毒(AIV)聚类,而其 NS 和 PA 基因与非洲(埃及)AIV 株的核苷酸同源性最高。序列和氨基酸分析显示,该 H3N1 具有 LP 基序、类似禽的受体特异性、潜在的糖基化位点以及对奥司他韦、扎那米韦和金刚烷胺的敏感性。该巴基斯坦 AIV H3N1 所具有的一些点突变也存在于人类、马和猪的 H3 流感病毒中。与其他欧亚 AIV 株相比,该 H3N1 分离株与以前已知的巴基斯坦 AIV 的核苷酸序列同源性较低。
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