Lopes Marcos, Koch Vera Hermina Kalika, Varni James W
Serviço de Nefrologia Pediátrica do Instituto da Criança, Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Brazil.
J Bras Nefrol. 2011 Dec;33(4):448-56.
To translate into and adapt to Brazilian Portuguese the Peds QL TM - End Stage Renal Disease version 3.0 questionnaire.
The methodology proposed by the creator of the original questionnaire was adopted. It consisted of 4 phases: translation from English into Brazilian Portuguese, back-translation into English, application to a population sample and proof-reading and completion. The translations and review were made by professional experts in Portuguese and English. The questionnaires were composed of versions for children and adolescents' reports and parents' reports, and were divided according to age ranges: 2-4 years (parents' report only), 5-7 years, 8-12 years and 13-18 years. 35 interviews were conducted with 15 children and adolescents and 20 carergivers.
The process of translation and cultural adaptation, which consisted of semantic equivalence (equivalence between words), idiomatic equivalence (no equivalent expressions found or items that needed to be replaced) and experimental equivalence (words and situations appropriate to the Brazilian cultural context), resulted in a version that was understandable and easy to apply.
将儿童生活质量量表（Peds QL TM）-终末期肾病3.0版问卷翻译成巴西葡萄牙语并进行改编。
采用原问卷创建者提出的方法。该方法包括4个阶段：从英语翻译成巴西葡萄牙语、回译成英语、应用于人群样本以及校对和完善。翻译和审核由葡萄牙语和英语专业专家进行。问卷包括儿童和青少年报告版以及家长报告版，并根据年龄范围划分：2 - 4岁（仅家长报告版）、5 - 7岁、8 - 12岁和13 - 18岁。对15名儿童和青少年以及20名照料者进行了35次访谈。
翻译和文化改编过程包括语义等效（词汇之间的等效）、习语等效（未找到等效表达或需要替换的项目）和实验等效（适合巴西文化背景的词汇和情境），最终形成了一个易于理解和应用的版本。
