Division of Infectious Diseases, MetroHealth Medical Center, 2500 MetroHealth Dr, Cleveland, OH, 44109, USA,
Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2012 Feb;14(1):83-90. doi: 10.1007/s11908-011-0228-2.
Kidney disease is more prevalent among persons living with HIV, and may arise from a combination of comorbidities, co-infections, and medication-associated toxicities. Additional effects of HIV-1 viral replication, immunodeficiency and genetic factors also contribute to kidney disease. As is true in the general population, persons of African descent exhibit a disproportionate risk for severe kidney disease. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) modifies the natural history of HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN), and renal benefits of ART may not be limited to persons with HIVAN. Robust associations between proteinuria and cardiovascular disease imply that common mechanisms of vascular endothelial dysfunction may contribute to both processes.
肾脏疾病在 HIV 感染者中更为普遍，可能是多种合并症、合并感染和药物相关毒性共同作用的结果。HIV-1 病毒复制、免疫缺陷和遗传因素的其他影响也会导致肾脏疾病。与普通人群一样，非洲裔人群发生严重肾脏疾病的风险不成比例。抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）改变了 HIV 相关肾病（HIVAN）的自然病程，ART 的肾脏获益可能不仅局限于 HIVAN 患者。蛋白尿与心血管疾病之间存在密切关联，这表明血管内皮功能障碍的常见机制可能同时导致这两个过程。
