Stock Enhancement and Aquaculture Division, National Research Institute of Aquaculture, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, Japan.
PLoS One. 2011;6(12):e29280. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029280. Epub 2011 Dec 15.
The pronghorn spiny lobster, Panulirus penicillatus, is a circumtropical species which has the widest global distribution among all the species of spiny lobster, ranging throughout the entire Indo-Pacific region. Partial nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA COI (1,142-1,207 bp) and 16S rDNA (535-546 bp) regions were determined for adult and phyllosoma larval samples collected from the Eastern Pacific (EP)(Galápagos Islands and its adjacent water), Central Pacific (CP)(Hawaii and Tuamotu) and the Western Pacific (WP)(Japan, Indonesia, Fiji, New Caledonia and Australia). Phylogenetic analyses revealed two distinct large clades corresponding to the geographic origin of samples (EP and CP+WP). No haplotype was shared between the two regional samples, and average nucleotide sequence divergence (Kimura's two parameter distance) between EP and CP+WP samples was 3.8±0.5% for COI and 1.0±0.4% for 16S rDNA, both of which were much larger than those within samples. The present results indicate that the Pacific population of the pronghorn spiny lobster is subdivided into two distinct populations (Eastern Pacific and Central to Western Pacific), with no gene flow between them. Although the pronghorn spiny lobster have long-lived teleplanic larvae, the vast expanse of Pacific Ocean with no islands and no shallow substrate which is known as the East Pacific Barrier appears to have isolated these two populations for a long time (c.a. 1MY).
刺龙虾，活额寄居蟹 Panulirus penicillatus，是一种环热带物种，在所有刺龙虾物种中分布最广，遍布整个印度洋-太平洋地区。从东太平洋（厄瓜多尔加拉帕戈斯群岛及其附近水域）、中太平洋（夏威夷和土阿莫土群岛）和西太平洋（日本、印度尼西亚、斐济、新喀里多尼亚和澳大利亚）采集的成年和叶状幼体样本中，测定了线粒体 DNA COI（1,142-1,207 bp）和 16S rDNA（535-546 bp）区域的部分核苷酸序列。系统发育分析显示，两个明显的大分支与样本的地理起源相对应（东太平洋和中太平洋+西太平洋）。两个区域样本之间没有共享单倍型，东太平洋和中太平洋+西太平洋样本之间 COI 的平均核苷酸序列差异（Kimura 的双参数距离）为 3.8±0.5%，16S rDNA 为 1.0±0.4%，均远大于样本内的差异。本研究结果表明，活额寄居蟹的太平洋种群分为两个明显的种群（东太平洋和中至西太平洋），它们之间没有基因流。尽管活额寄居蟹具有长寿的远程浮游幼体，但太平洋广阔无垠，没有岛屿，也没有已知的东太平洋屏障那样的浅海基质，这似乎使这两个种群长期隔离（约 1 百万年）。
