Delphi BioMedical Consultants, LLC, 10 Eska Drive, Ledyard, CT 06339, USA.
Neuropharmacology. 2012 Jul;63(1):57-75. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.12.010. Epub 2011 Dec 17.
Over the past decade and a half it has become increasingly clear that adipose tissue is a much more complex organ than was initially considered and that its metabolic functions extend well beyond the classical actions of thermoregulation and of storage and release of fatty acids. In fact, it is now well established that adipose tissue plays a critical role in maintenance of energy homeostasis through secretion of a large number of adipokines that interact with central as well as peripheral organs such as the brain, liver, pancreas, and skeletal muscle to control diverse processes, such as food intake, energy expenditure, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, blood pressure, blood coagulation, and inflammation. While many of these adipokines are adipocyte-derived and have a variety of endocrine functions, others are produced by resident macrophages and interact in a paracrine fashion to control adipocyte metabolism. It is also abundantly clear that the dysregulation of adipokine secretion and action that occurs in obesity plays a fundamental role in the development of a variety of cardiometabolic disorders, including the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, inflammatory disorders, and vascular disorders, that ultimately lead to coronary heart disease. Described herein are the traditional as well as endocrine roles of adipose tissue in controlling energy metabolism and their dysregulation in obesity that leads to development of cardiometabolic disorders, with a focus on what is currently known regarding the characteristics and roles in both health and disease of the adipocyte-derived adipokines, adiponectin, leptin, resistin, and retinol binding protein 4, and the resident macrophage-derived adipokines, tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled 'Central Control of Food Intake'.
在过去的十五年中，人们越来越清楚地认识到，脂肪组织比最初认为的要复杂得多，其代谢功能远远超出了经典的体温调节、储存和释放脂肪酸的作用。事实上，现在已经明确的是，脂肪组织通过分泌大量的脂肪因子在维持能量平衡方面起着关键作用，这些脂肪因子与中枢和外周器官（如大脑、肝脏、胰腺和骨骼肌）相互作用，控制着各种过程，如食物摄入、能量消耗、碳水化合物和脂质代谢、血压、血液凝固和炎症。虽然许多这些脂肪因子是脂肪细胞衍生的，具有多种内分泌功能，但其他因子是由驻留的巨噬细胞产生的，并以旁分泌的方式相互作用，以控制脂肪细胞的代谢。同样清楚的是，肥胖症中发生的脂肪因子分泌和作用失调在多种心血管代谢疾病的发展中起着根本作用，包括代谢综合征、2 型糖尿病、炎症性疾病和血管疾病，最终导致冠心病。本文描述了脂肪组织在控制能量代谢方面的传统和内分泌作用，以及其在肥胖症中的失调导致心血管代谢疾病的发展，重点介绍了目前已知的脂肪细胞衍生的脂肪因子（脂联素、瘦素、抵抗素和视黄醇结合蛋白 4）以及驻留巨噬细胞衍生的脂肪因子（肿瘤坏死因子-α和白细胞介素-6）在健康和疾病中的特征和作用。本文是题为“摄食的中枢控制”的特刊的一部分。
