Heinke Jennifer, Patterson Cam, Moser Martin
Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Freiburg, Germany.
Front Biosci (Elite Ed). 2012 Jan 1;4(6):2269-88. doi: 10.2741/541.
The formation of the vascular system is one of the earliest and most important events during organogenesis in the developing embryo because the growing organism needs a transportation system to supply oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products. Two distinct processes termed vasculogenesis and angiogenesis lead to a complex vasculature covering the entire body. Several cellular mechanisms including migration, proliferation, differentiation and maturation are involved in generating this hierarchical vascular tree. To achieve this aim, a multitude of signaling pathways need to be activated and coordinated in spatio-temporal patterns. Understanding embryonic molecular mechanism in angiogenesis further provides insight for therapeutic approaches in pathological conditions like cancer or ischemic diseases in the adult. In this review, we describe the current understanding of major signaling pathways that are necessary and active during vascular development.
血管系统的形成是发育中胚胎器官发生过程中最早且最重要的事件之一，因为不断生长的生物体需要一个运输系统来供应氧气和营养物质，并清除代谢废物。血管发生和血管生成这两个不同的过程导致了覆盖全身的复杂脉管系统。包括迁移、增殖、分化和成熟在内的几种细胞机制参与了这一层次化血管树的生成。为实现这一目标，需要以时空模式激活和协调众多信号通路。了解血管生成中的胚胎分子机制，进一步为成人癌症或缺血性疾病等病理状况的治疗方法提供了思路。在本综述中，我们描述了目前对血管发育过程中必要且活跃的主要信号通路的理解。
