Institute for Social Policy, Vienna University of Economics and Business, Wien, Austria.
Health Soc Care Community. 2012 May;20(3):265-73. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2011.01049.x. Epub 2011 Dec 29.
This article discusses the development of the home care sector in Austria. It analyses what impacts the interplay of the traditional family orientation to care, a universal cash-for-care scheme (reaching about 5% of the population) and a growing migrant care sector have on formal home care in Austria. The article is based on an analysis of research papers, policy documents and statistical data covering the period from the introduction of the cash-for-care scheme in 1993 up to 2011. Some authors have argued that generous cash benefits with no direct link to service use - as in the case of Austria - limit the development of home care, particularly in countries with a traditionally strong family orientation towards long-term care. Additionally, a tradition of family care and an emphasis on cash benefits may be conducive to the employment of migrant carers in private households, as a potential substitute for both family care and formal care. Despite this context, Austria has seen a substantial increase in formal home care over the past two decades. This has been driven by clients using their increased purchasing power and by policy priorities emphasising the extension of home care. Migrant care work was regularised in 2007, and the analysis suggests that while migrant care has usually worked as a substitute for other care arrangements, migrant care can also become a more integral element of care schemes. The article concludes that family orientation, unconditional cash benefits and the use of migrant carers do not necessarily preclude the development of a strong social service sector. However, there is a risk that budgetary limitations will primarily affect social service development.
本文探讨了奥地利家庭护理行业的发展。它分析了传统家庭护理观念、全民现金护理计划（覆盖约 5%的人口）和日益增长的移民护理行业之间的相互作用对奥地利正规家庭护理的影响。本文基于对研究论文、政策文件和统计数据的分析，涵盖了从 1993 年现金护理计划引入到 2011 年的时间段。一些作者认为，像奥地利这样没有直接与服务使用挂钩的慷慨现金福利会限制家庭护理的发展，特别是在那些传统上对长期护理有强烈家庭倾向的国家。此外，家庭护理的传统和对现金福利的重视可能有利于在私人家庭中雇佣移民护理人员，作为家庭护理和正规护理的潜在替代品。尽管存在这种情况，奥地利在过去二十年中正规家庭护理的数量大幅增加。这是由于客户利用其增加的购买力以及政策重点强调扩大家庭护理。移民护理工作于 2007 年得到规范，分析表明，尽管移民护理通常可以替代其他护理安排，但移民护理也可以成为护理计划的更重要组成部分。本文的结论是，家庭倾向、无条件现金福利和使用移民护理人员不一定会排除强大社会服务部门的发展。然而，存在预算限制将主要影响社会服务发展的风险。
