Department of Neurological Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA.
Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. 2011 Sep;1(1):a008862. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a008862.
Although components of possible Parkinson's disease can be found in very early documents, the first clear medical description was written in 1817 by James Parkinson. In the mid-1800s, Jean-Martin Charcot was particularly influential in refining and expanding this early description and in disseminating information internationally about Parkinson's disease. He separated Parkinson's disease from multiple sclerosis and other disorders characterized by tremor, and he recognized cases that later would likely be classified among the Parkinsonism-plus syndromes. Early treatments of Parkinson's disease were based on empirical observation, and anticholinergic drugs were used as early as the nineteenth century. The discovery of dopaminergic deficits in Parkinson's disease and the synthetic pathway of dopamine led to the first human trials of levodopa. Further historically important anatomical, biochemical, and physiological studies identified additional pharmacological and neurosurgical targets for Parkinson's disease and allow modern clinicians to offer an array of therapies aimed at improving function in this still incurable disease.
虽然帕金森病的一些可能的组成部分可以在非常早期的文献中找到，但第一次明确的医学描述是在 1817 年由詹姆斯·帕金森（James Parkinson）撰写的。在 19 世纪中叶，让-马丁·夏科（Jean-Martin Charcot）特别在完善和扩展这一早期描述方面发挥了重要作用，并在国际上传播了有关帕金森病的信息。他将帕金森病与多发性硬化症和其他以震颤为特征的疾病区分开来，并认识到后来可能归类于帕金森病综合征的病例。帕金森病的早期治疗基于经验观察，早在 19 世纪就使用了抗胆碱能药物。帕金森病中多巴胺能缺陷的发现以及多巴胺的合成途径导致了左旋多巴的首次人体试验。进一步具有历史重要性的解剖学、生物化学和生理学研究确定了帕金森病的其他药理学和神经外科靶点，使现代临床医生能够提供一系列旨在改善这种仍然无法治愈的疾病功能的治疗方法。
