Schlump-Urquhart S R
AACN Clin Issues Crit Care Nurs. 1990 Nov;1(3):522-34. doi: 10.4037/15597768-1990-3007.
Families experiencing a traumatic accident experience significant psychosocial disruption. The traumatic event is sudden and unexpected. Families have no opportunity to prepare themselves emotionally, have limited experience with such catastrophic events, and are overwhelmed by the magnitude of the patient's injuries. Critical care nurses have an important role in the psychosocial assessment, support, and management of these families. Many critical care nurses are uncomfortable interacting with families with significant psychosocial/emotional needs due to a lack of understanding of their needs, lack of knowledge of how to manage their needs, lack of confidence in communicating with families, and generalized discomfort and awkwardness when confronted with grief and bereavement issues. This article presents important information for critical care nurses to help them understand and manage families psychosocial needs and to feel more confident interacting with these families. Information presented includes (1) impact of the traumatic event, (2) emotional responses, (3) assessment of psychosocial needs, and (4) nursing interventions for the care and management of these families. Special considerations impacting on families' psychosocial needs, including dysfunctional families, ineffective coping mechanisms, suicide, and the patient's death, are presented.
经历创伤性事故的家庭会遭受重大的心理社会紊乱。创伤性事件是突然且意外的。家庭没有机会在情感上做好准备，对此类灾难性事件的经验有限，并且被患者伤势的严重程度压得喘不过气来。重症护理护士在对这些家庭的心理社会评估、支持和管理中发挥着重要作用。由于对这些家庭的需求缺乏了解、不知道如何满足他们的需求、在与家庭沟通方面缺乏信心，以及在面对悲伤和丧亲问题时普遍感到不适和尴尬，许多重症护理护士在与有重大心理社会/情感需求的家庭互动时感到不自在。本文为重症护理护士提供重要信息，以帮助他们理解和满足家庭的心理社会需求，并在与这些家庭互动时更有信心。所提供的信息包括：（1）创伤性事件的影响；（2）情绪反应；（3）心理社会需求评估；（4）对这些家庭进行护理和管理的护理干预措施。还介绍了影响家庭心理社会需求的特殊因素，包括功能失调的家庭、无效的应对机制、自杀以及患者的死亡。
