Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency-Weybridge, Addlestone, Surrey, KT15 3NB, UK.
Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 2013;370:133-46. doi: 10.1007/82_2011_194.
In Europe, swine influenza is considered one of the most important primary pathogens of swine respiratory disease and infection is primarily with H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 influenza A viruses. The antigenetic characteristics of these viruses distinguish them from others circulating at a global level in pigs. These viruses have remained endemic in European pig populations but significant differences in the circulation of these strains occur at a regional level across Europe. The dynamic of co-circulation of viruses, impact of prior immunity, husbandry practices and other local factors all contribute to the complex epidemiology. Surveillance programmes in European pigs did not reveal the presence of pandemic H1N1 virus prior to its detection in humans in 2009 but there is evidence that the virus can be maintained in European pigs even when there are relatively good levels of herd immunity to other H1 viruses. Evidence for the pig as a 'mixing vessel' of influenza viruses of non-swine-origin has been demonstrated in Europe on several occasions. Furthermore significant and highly variable genetic diversity occurs at the whole genome level for all virus subtypes and this has contributed to changing patterns of virus epidemiology over time.
在欧洲，猪流感被认为是猪呼吸道疾病最重要的主要病原体之一，感染主要是 H1N1、H1N2 和 H3N2 流感 A 病毒。这些病毒的抗原特征将它们与全球范围内在猪中流行的其他病毒区分开来。这些病毒在欧洲猪群中一直存在地方性流行，但在整个欧洲的区域水平上，这些菌株的传播存在显著差异。病毒的共同循环动态、先前免疫的影响、饲养实践和其他地方因素都促成了复杂的流行病学。在 2009 年人类检测到大流行 H1N1 病毒之前，欧洲的猪监测计划并未发现其存在，但有证据表明，即使对其他 H1 病毒具有相对较好的群体免疫力，该病毒仍可在欧洲猪群中存活。在欧洲，已经多次证明猪是源自非猪的流感病毒的“混合容器”。此外，所有病毒亚型在整个基因组水平上都存在显著且高度可变的遗传多样性，这导致了病毒流行病学随时间的变化模式。
