University of South Dakota School of Medicine, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Laboratory of Neurological Sciences, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.
Brain Res Bull. 2012 Mar 10;87(4-5):457-97. doi: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2011.12.005. Epub 2012 Jan 2.
The cytoarchitecture and cortical connections of the anterior cingulate, medial and dorsal premotor, and precentral region are investigated using the Nissl and NeuN staining methods and the fluorescent retrograde tract tracing technique. There is a gradual stepwise laminar change in the cytoarchitectonic organization from the proisocortical anterior cingulate region, through the lower and upper banks of the cingulate sulcus, to the dorsolateral isocortical premotor and precentral motor regions of the frontal lobe. These changes are characterized by a gradational emphasis on the lower stratum layers (V and VI) in the proisocortical cingulate region to the upper stratum layers (II and III) in the premotor and precentral motor region. This is accompanied by a progressive widening of layers III and VI, a poorly delineated border between layers III and V and a sequential increase in the size of layer V neurons culminating in the presence of giant Betz cells in the precentral motor region. The overall patterns of corticocortical connections paralleled the sequential changes in cytoarchitectonic organization. The proisocortical areas have connections with cingulate motor, supplementary motor, premotor and precentral motor areas on the one hand and have widespread connections with the frontal, parietal, temporal and multimodal association cortex and limbic regions on the other. The dorsal premotor areas have connections with the proisocortical areas including cingulate motor areas and supplementary motor area on the one hand, and premotor and precentral motor cortex on the other. Additionally, this region has significant connections with posterior parietal cortex and limited connections with prefrontal, limbic and multimodal regions. The precentral motor cortex also has connections with the proisocortical areas and premotor areas. Its other connections are limited to the somatosensory regions of the parietal lobe. Since the isocortical motor areas on the dorsal convexity mediate voluntary motor function, their close connectional relationship with the cingulate areas form a pivotal limbic-motor interface that could provide critical sources of cognitive, emotional and motivational influence on complex motor function.
使用尼氏染色和 NeuN 染色方法以及荧光逆行追踪技术，研究了前扣带回、内侧和背侧运动前区和中央前回的细胞构筑和皮质连接。从前扣带的原皮质区，通过扣带沟的下和上bank，到额叶的背外侧皮质运动前区和中央前运动区，细胞构筑组织逐渐呈阶梯式分层变化。这些变化的特征是原皮质扣带区的下部（V 和 VI）层逐渐强调，到运动前区和中央前运动区的上部（II 和 III）层。这伴随着 III 和 VI 层的逐渐变宽，III 和 V 层之间的边界不清晰，以及 V 层神经元的大小逐渐增加，最终在前中央运动区出现巨大的贝茨细胞。皮质间连接的总体模式与细胞构筑组织的顺序变化平行。原皮质区一方面与扣带运动区、补充运动区、运动前区和中央前运动区有连接，另一方面与额、顶、颞和多模态联合皮质区以及边缘区有广泛的连接。背侧运动前区一方面与原皮质区（包括扣带运动区和补充运动区）有连接，另一方面与运动前区和中央前运动区有连接。此外，该区域与后顶叶皮质有显著连接，与前额叶、边缘和多模态区域的连接有限。中央前运动区也与原皮质区和运动前区有连接。它的其他连接仅限于顶叶的躯体感觉区。由于背侧凸面的皮质运动区介导随意运动功能，它们与扣带区的紧密连接关系形成了一个关键的边缘-运动界面，可以对复杂的运动功能提供认知、情感和动机影响的关键来源。
