Division of Animal and Food Microbiology, Office of Research, Center for Veterinary Medicine, US Food & Drug Administration, Laurel, Maryland, USA.
Appl Environ Microbiol. 2012 Mar;78(6):1701-7. doi: 10.1128/AEM.07522-11. Epub 2012 Jan 13.
Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from the National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System retail meat program and examined for antimicrobial susceptibility. Retail meat samples (n = 11,921) from four U.S. states collected during 2002 to 2008, consisting of 2,988 chicken breast, 2,942 ground turkey, 2,991 ground beef, and 3,000 pork chop samples, were analyzed. A total of 8,286 E. coli isolates were recovered. The greatest numbers of samples contaminated with the organism were chicken (83.5%) and turkey (82.0%), followed by beef (68.9%) and pork (44.0%). Resistance was most common to tetracycline (50.3%), followed by streptomycin (34.6%), sulfamethoxazole-sulfisoxazole (31.6%), ampicillin (22.5%), gentamicin (18.6%), kanamycin (8.4%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (6.4%), and cefoxitin (5.2%). Less than 5% of the isolates had resistance to trimethoprim, ceftriaxone, ceftiofur, nalidixic acid, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin. All isolates were susceptible to amikacin. Compared to beef and pork isolates, the poultry meat isolates had a greater percentage of resistance to all tested drugs, with the exception of chloramphenicol, to which pork isolates had the most resistance. More than half of the turkey isolates (56%) were resistant to multidrugs (≥3 classes) compared to 38.9% of chicken, 17.3% of pork, and 9.3% of beef isolates. The bla(CMY) gene was present in all ceftriaxone- and ceftiofur-resistant isolates. The cmlA, flo, and catI genes were present in 45%, 43%, and 40% of chloramphenicol-resistant isolates, respectively. Most nalidixic acid-resistant isolates (98.5%) had a gyrA mutation in S83 or D87 or both, whereas only 6.7% had a parC mutation in either S80 or E84. The results showed that E. coli was commonly present in the retail meats, and antimicrobial resistance profiles differed according to the animal origin of the isolates.
从国家抗菌药物耐药性监测系统零售肉品计划中回收了大肠杆菌分离株，并对其抗菌药物敏感性进行了检测。对 2002 年至 2008 年期间从美国四个州采集的零售肉品样本（n=11921）进行了分析，包括 2988 份鸡胸肉、2942 份火鸡肉、2991 份碎牛肉和 3000 份猪排样本。共回收了 8286 株大肠杆菌分离株。受污染的样本数量最多的是鸡肉（83.5%）和火鸡肉（82.0%），其次是牛肉（68.9%）和猪肉（44.0%）。最常见的耐药性是对四环素（50.3%），其次是链霉素（34.6%）、磺胺甲恶唑-磺胺二甲嘧啶（31.6%）、氨苄西林（22.5%）、庆大霉素（18.6%）、卡那霉素（8.4%）、阿莫西林-克拉维酸（6.4%）和头孢西丁（5.2%）。少于 5%的分离株对甲氧苄啶、头孢曲松、头孢噻呋、萘啶酸、氯霉素和环丙沙星有耐药性。所有分离株均对阿米卡星敏感。与牛肉和猪肉分离株相比，禽肉分离株对所有测试药物的耐药率更高，除了氯霉素，而对猪肉分离株的耐药率最高。超过一半的火鸡分离株（56%）对多种药物（≥3 类）耐药，而鸡肉、猪肉和牛肉分离株的耐药率分别为 38.9%、17.3%和 9.3%。bla(CMY)基因存在于所有头孢曲松和头孢噻呋耐药的分离株中。cmlA、flo 和 catI 基因分别存在于 45%、43%和 40%的氯霉素耐药分离株中。大多数萘啶酸耐药分离株（98.5%）在 S83 或 D87 或两者均有 gyrA 突变，而只有 6.7%在 S80 或 E84 中有 parC 突变。结果表明，大肠杆菌在零售肉中普遍存在，其抗菌药物耐药谱因分离株的动物来源而异。
