Université Droit et Santé de Lille, Lille, France.
Br J Sports Med. 2012 May;46(6):402-6. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090821. Epub 2012 Jan 12.
Elite competitive swimmers are particularly affected by airway disorders that are probably related to regular and intense training sessions in a chlorinated environment. Upper and lower airway respiratory symptoms, rhinitis, airway hyper-responsiveness, and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction are highly prevalent in these athletes, but their influence on athletic performance is still unclear. The authors reviewed the main upper and lower respiratory ailments observed in competitive swimmers who train in indoor swimming pools, their pathophysiology, clinical significance and possible effects on performance. Issues regarding the screening of these disorders, their management and preventive measures are addressed.
精英竞技游泳运动员特别容易受到气道疾病的影响，这些疾病可能与在氯化环境中定期和高强度的训练有关。在上呼吸道和下呼吸道呼吸症状、鼻炎、气道高反应性和运动诱发的支气管收缩在这些运动员中非常普遍，但它们对运动表现的影响尚不清楚。作者回顾了在室内游泳池训练的竞技游泳运动员中观察到的主要上呼吸道和下呼吸道疾病，及其病理生理学、临床意义和对运动表现的可能影响。还讨论了这些疾病的筛查、管理和预防措施问题。
