Fehlner-Gardiner Christine, Rudd Robert, Donovan Dennis, Slate Dennis, Kempf Libby, Badcock Jacqueline
Centre of Expertise for Rabies, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, 3851 Fallowfield Rd., PO Box 11300, Station H, Ottawa, Ontario K2H 8P9, Canada.
J Wildl Dis. 2012 Jan;48(1):157-67. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-48.1.157.
Control of rabies in mesocarnivore reservoirs through oral rabies vaccination (ORV) requires an effective vaccine bait. Oral rabies vaccine performance in the field may be affected by a variety of factors, including vaccine bait density and distribution pattern, habitat, target species population density, and the availability of competing foods. A field study in which these covariates were restricted as much as possible was conducted along the international border of the state of Maine (ME), USA, and the province of New Brunswick (NB), Canada, to compare the performance of two oral rabies vaccines in raccoons (Procyon lotor) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). RABORAL V-RG(®) (vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant oral vaccine in fishmeal-coated sachet) or ONRAB(®) (adenovirus-rabies glycoprotein recombinant oral vaccine in Ultralite bait matrix) were distributed in ME and NB, respectively, by fixed-wing aircraft at a density of 75 baits/km(2) along parallel flight lines spaced 1.0 km apart. Sera were collected from live-trapped raccoons and skunks 5-7 wk post-ORV and assayed to determine antibody prevalence in each area. Duplicate serum samples were provided blind to two different laboratories for analyses by rabies virus serum neutralization assays (at both laboratories) and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (at one laboratory). There was no significant difference in the proportion of antibody-positive animals determined by the three serologic methods, nor was there a significant difference between ONRAB and RABORAL V-RG in the proportion of antibody-positive striped skunks observed post-ORV. In contrast, the proportion of antibody-positive raccoons was significantly higher in the ONRAB- versus the RABORAL V-RG-baited areas (74% vs. 30%; χ(2)=89.977, df=5, P<0.0001). These data support that ONRAB may serve as an effective tool for raccoon rabies control.
通过口服狂犬病疫苗（ORV）控制中食肉动物宿主中的狂犬病需要一种有效的疫苗诱饵。口服狂犬病疫苗在野外的性能可能受到多种因素的影响，包括疫苗诱饵的密度和分布模式、栖息地、目标物种的种群密度以及竞争食物的可获得性。在美国缅因州（ME）和加拿大新不伦瑞克省（NB）的国际边境沿线进行了一项尽可能限制这些协变量的野外研究，以比较两种口服狂犬病疫苗在浣熊（Procyon lotor）和条纹臭鼬（Mephitis mephitis）中的性能。RABORAL V-RG（®）（鱼粉包衣小袋中的痘苗病毒-狂犬病糖蛋白重组口服疫苗）或ONRAB（®）（超轻型诱饵基质中的腺病毒-狂犬病糖蛋白重组口服疫苗）分别由固定翼飞机以每平方公里75个诱饵的密度沿着间隔1.0公里的平行航线在缅因州和新不伦瑞克省进行投放。在口服狂犬病疫苗接种后5-7周，从活捕的浣熊和臭鼬中采集血清，并进行检测以确定每个区域的抗体流行率。将重复的血清样本盲目提供给两个不同的实验室，通过狂犬病病毒血清中和试验（两个实验室都进行）和竞争性酶联免疫吸附试验（一个实验室进行）进行分析。三种血清学方法测定的抗体阳性动物比例没有显著差异，口服狂犬病疫苗接种后观察到的抗体阳性条纹臭鼬比例在ONRAB和RABORAL V-RG之间也没有显著差异。相比之下，在使用ONRAB诱饵的区域中，抗体阳性浣熊的比例显著高于使用RABORAL V-RG诱饵的区域（74%对30%；χ(2)=89.977，自由度=5，P<0.0001）。这些数据支持ONRAB可作为控制浣熊狂犬病的有效工具。
