Mainguy Julien, Fehlner-Gardiner Christine, Slate Dennis, Rudd Robert J
Ministère des Ressources naturelles et de la Faune, Direction générale de l'expertise sur la faune et ses habitats, Direction de la biodiversité et des maladies de la faune, 880 chemin Sainte-Foy, 2e étage, Québec, Québec G1S 4X4, Canada.
J Wildl Dis. 2013 Jan;49(1):190-3. doi: 10.7589/2011-11-342.
The control of rabies in raccoons (Procyon lotor) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis) in North America has been conducted mainly through aerial distribution of oral vaccine-baits. The effectiveness of the vaccine-bait used is therefore of prime importance for disease eradication. In a previous field comparison between the ONRAB(®) bait in the province of New Brunswick, Canada, and RABORAL V-RG(®) bait in the state of Maine, USA, the ONRAB bait produced a higher percentage of antibody-positive raccoons under nearly identical bait distribution for the two vaccines. The main objective of the present study was to conduct a similar cross-border comparison of these two vaccine-baits using raccoon sera collected during post-oral rabies vaccination monitoring in Québec, Canada, and Vermont, USA, where ONRAB and V-RG, respectively, were distributed aerially at a targeted density of 150 baits/km(2). A comparison of the equivalency of two serologic tests used in Canada and the USA was also conducted using sera from raccoons and striped skunks. Rabies virus neutralization assay (USA) yielded similar results to the competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Canada), with agreement between the two tests of 92% for raccoon sera and 96% for skunk sera. With both assays, the percentage of antibody-positive raccoons was greater with ONRAB (51%, n=265) than with V-RG (38%, n=66). These new results support the conclusion from the previous study, that ONRAB vaccine-baits may be more effective for the control of rabies in raccoons.
北美浣熊（北美浣熊属）和条纹臭鼬（臭鼬属）的狂犬病防控主要通过空中投放口服疫苗诱饵来进行。因此，所用疫苗诱饵的有效性对于根除该疾病至关重要。在之前加拿大新不伦瑞克省的ONRAB（®）诱饵与美国缅因州的RABORAL V-RG（®）诱饵的实地比较中，在两种疫苗诱饵分布情况几乎相同的情况下，ONRAB诱饵产生抗体阳性浣熊的比例更高。本研究的主要目的是利用在加拿大魁北克省和美国佛蒙特州口服狂犬病疫苗接种后监测期间收集的浣熊血清，对这两种疫苗诱饵进行类似的跨境比较，在这两个地区，分别以每平方公里150个诱饵的目标密度进行了ONRAB和V-RG的空中投放。还使用浣熊和条纹臭鼬的血清对加拿大和美国使用的两种血清学检测方法的等效性进行了比较。狂犬病病毒中和试验（美国）与竞争性酶联免疫吸附试验（加拿大）的结果相似，两种检测方法对浣熊血清的一致性为92%，对臭鼬血清的一致性为96%。使用这两种检测方法时，ONRAB组抗体阳性浣熊的比例（51%，n = 265）高于V-RG组（38%，n = 66）。这些新结果支持了先前研究的结论，即ONRAB疫苗诱饵在控制浣熊狂犬病方面可能更有效。
