Slate Dennis, Chipman Richard B, Algeo Timothy P, Mills Samuel A, Nelson Kathleen M, Croson Christopher K, Dubovi Edward J, Vercauteren Kurt, Renshaw Randall W, Atwood Todd, Johnson Shylo, Rupprecht Charles E
1 US Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Rabies Management Program, 59 Chenell Drive, Concord, New Hampshire 03301, USA.
J Wildl Dis. 2014 Jul;50(3):582-95. doi: 10.7589/2013-08-207. Epub 2014 May 7.
In 2011, we conducted a field trial in rural West Virginia, USA to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of a live, recombinant human adenovirus (AdRG1.3) rabies virus glycoprotein vaccine (Ontario Rabies Vaccine Bait; ONRAB) in wild raccoons (Procyon lotor) and striped skunks (Mephitis mephitis). We selected ONRAB for evaluation because of its effectiveness in raccoon rabies management in Ontario and Quebec, Canada, and significantly higher antibody prevalence rates in raccoons compared with a recombinant vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein (V-RG) vaccine, Raboral V-RG®, in US-Canada border studies. Raccoon rabies was enzootic and oral rabies vaccination (ORV) had never been used in the study area. We distributed 79,027 ONRAB baits at 75 baits/km(2) mostly by fixed-wing aircraft along parallel flight lines at 750-m intervals. Antibody prevalence was significantly higher at 49.2% (n=262) in raccoons after ONRAB was distributed than the 9.6% (n=395) before ORV. This was the highest antibody prevalence observed in raccoons by US Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services for areas with similar management histories evaluated before and after an initial ORV campaign at 75 baits/km(2) with Raboral V-RG. Tetracycline biomarker (TTCC) was significantly higher among antibody-positive raccoons after ONRAB baiting and was similar among raccoons before ORV had been conducted, an indication of vaccine-induced rabies virus-neutralizing antibody production following consumption of bait containing TTCC. Skunk sample size was inadequate to assess ONRAB effects. Safety and immunogenicity results supported replication of this field trial and led to a recommendation for expanded field trials in 2012 to evaluate safety and immunogenicity of ground-distributed ONRAB at 150 baits/km(2) in residential and commercial habitats in Ohio, USA and aerially distributed ONRAB at 75 baits/km(2) in rural habitats along US-Quebec border.
2011年，我们在美国西弗吉尼亚州农村地区进行了一项田间试验，以评估一种重组人腺病毒（AdRG1.3）狂犬病病毒糖蛋白活疫苗（安大略狂犬病疫苗诱饵；ONRAB）对野生浣熊（北美浣熊）和条纹臭鼬的安全性和免疫原性。我们选择ONRAB进行评估，是因为它在加拿大安大略省和魁北克省的浣熊狂犬病管理中有效，并且在美加边境研究中，与重组痘苗狂犬病糖蛋白（V-RG）疫苗Raboral V-RG®相比，浣熊体内的抗体流行率显著更高。浣熊狂犬病呈地方流行，且该研究区域从未使用过口服狂犬病疫苗（ORV）。我们以每平方公里75个诱饵的密度，主要通过固定翼飞机沿着间隔750米的平行航线投放了79,027个ONRAB诱饵。投放ONRAB后，浣熊的抗体流行率显著提高，达到49.2%（n = 262），高于ORV之前的9.6%（n = 395）。这是美国农业部野生动物服务局在对具有类似管理历史的地区进行评估时，在以每平方公里75个诱饵的密度首次使用Raboral V-RG进行ORV活动前后，观察到的浣熊中最高的抗体流行率。在投放ONRAB诱饵后，抗体阳性浣熊中的四环素生物标志物（TTCC）显著更高，且在进行ORV之前浣熊中的TTCC相似，这表明食用含有TTCC的诱饵后产生了疫苗诱导的狂犬病病毒中和抗体。臭鼬的样本量不足以评估ONRAB的效果。安全性和免疫原性结果支持重复进行该田间试验，并促使建议在2012年扩大田间试验，以评估在美国俄亥俄州住宅和商业栖息地以每平方公里150个诱饵的密度地面投放ONRAB以及在美国-魁北克边境农村栖息地以每平方公里75个诱饵的密度空中投放ONRAB的安全性和免疫原性。
