Te Kupenga Hauora Māori, School of Population Health, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
BMC Public Health. 2012 Jan 18;12:45. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-45.
Reported ethnic discrimination is higher among indigenous and minority adult populations. There is a paucity of nationally representative prevalence studies of ethnic discrimination among adolescents. Experiencing ethnic discrimination has been associated with a range of adverse health outcomes. NZ has a diverse ethnic population. There are health inequalities among young people from Māori and Pacific ethnic groups.
9107 randomly selected secondary school students participated in a nationally representative cross-sectional health and wellbeing survey conducted in 2007. The prevalence of ethnic discrimination by health professionals, by police, and ethnicity-related bullying were analysed. Logistic regression was used to examine the associations between ethnic discrimination and six health/wellbeing outcomes: self-rated health status, depressive symptoms in the last 12 months, cigarette smoking, binge alcohol use, feeling safe in ones neighbourhood, and self-rated school achievement.
There were significant ethnic differences in the prevalences of ethnic discrimination. Students who experienced ethnic discrimination were less likely to report excellent/very good/good self-rated general health (OR 0.51; 95% CI 0.39, 0.65), feel safe in their neighbourhood (OR 0.48; 95% CI 0.40, 0.58), and more likely to report an episode of binge drinking in the previous 4 weeks (OR 1.77; 95% CI 1.45, 2.17). For all these outcomes the odds ratios for the group who were 'unsure' if they had experienced ethnic discrimination were similar to those of the 'yes' group.Ethnicity stratified associations between ethnic discrimination and the depression, cigarette smoking, and self-rated school achievement are reported. Within each ethnic group participants reporting ethnic discrimination were more likely to have adverse outcomes for these three variables. For all three outcomes the direction and size of the association between experience of ethnic discrimination and the outcome were similar across all ethnic groups.
Ethnic discrimination is more commonly reported by Indigenous and minority group students. Both experiencing and being 'unsure' about experiencing ethnic discrimination are associated with a range of adverse health/wellbeing outcomes. Our findings highlight the progress yet to be made to ensure that rights to be free from ethnic discrimination are met for young people living in New Zealand.
在土著和少数民族成年人群体中，报告的种族歧视现象更为普遍。针对青少年种族歧视的全国代表性流行率研究很少。经历种族歧视与一系列不良健康结果有关。新西兰拥有多元化的种族人口。毛利人和太平洋岛民群体的年轻人之间存在健康不平等现象。
2007 年，9107 名随机抽取的中学生参与了一项全国代表性的横断面健康和幸福感调查。分析了卫生专业人员、警察实施的种族歧视以及与种族相关的欺凌行为的流行率。采用逻辑回归检验种族歧视与六项健康/幸福感结果之间的关联：自我评估的健康状况、过去 12 个月的抑郁症状、吸烟、狂饮、邻里安全感以及自我评估的学业成绩。
种族歧视的流行率存在显著的种族差异。经历过种族歧视的学生报告自己身体健康状况极好/非常好/好的可能性较小（比值比 0.51；95%置信区间 0.39，0.65），感到邻里安全的可能性较小（比值比 0.48；95%置信区间 0.40，0.58），在过去 4 周内狂饮的可能性较大（比值比 1.77；95%置信区间 1.45，2.17）。对于所有这些结果，对于“不确定”是否经历过种族歧视的群体，比值比与“是”群体相似。报告了按种族分层的种族歧视与抑郁、吸烟和自我评估的学业成绩之间的关联。在每个种族群体中，报告种族歧视的参与者在这三个变量上更有可能出现不良结果。对于所有三个结果，在所有种族群体中，经历种族歧视与结果之间的关联方向和大小都相似。
土著和少数民族群体的学生更常报告种族歧视。经历种族歧视和“不确定”是否经历过种族歧视都与一系列不良健康/幸福感结果有关。我们的研究结果强调，为了确保在新西兰生活的年轻人免受种族歧视的权利，仍需做出更多努力。
