Coker Tumaini R, Elliott Marc N, Kanouse David E, Grunbaum Jo Anne, Schwebel David C, Gilliland M Janice, Tortolero Susan R, Peskin Melissa F, Schuster Mark A
Department of Pediatrics, Mattel Children's Hospital, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
Am J Public Health. 2009 May;99(5):878-84. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2008.144329. Epub 2009 Mar 19.
We sought to describe the prevalence, characteristics, and mental health problems of children who experience perceived racial/ethnic discrimination.
We analyzed cross-sectional data from a study of 5147 fifth-grade students and their parents from public schools in 3 US metropolitan areas. We used multivariate logistic regression (overall and stratified by race/ethnicity) to examine the associations of sociodemographic factors and mental health problems with perceived racial/ethnic discrimination.
Fifteen percent of children reported perceived racial/ethnic discrimination, with 80% reporting that discrimination occurred at school. A greater percentage of Black (20%), Hispanic (15%), and other (16%) children reported perceived racial/ethnic discrimination compared with White (7%) children. Children who reported perceived racial/ethnic discrimination were more likely to have symptoms of each of the 4 mental health conditions included in the analysis: depression, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. An association between perceived racial/ethnic discrimination and depressive symptoms was found for Black, Hispanic, and other children but not for White children.
Perceived racial/ethnic discrimination is not an uncommon experience among fifth-grade students and may be associated with a variety of mental health disorders.
我们试图描述经历过种族/民族歧视的儿童的患病率、特征及心理健康问题。
我们分析了一项针对美国3个大都市地区公立学校5147名五年级学生及其家长的研究中的横断面数据。我们使用多变量逻辑回归（总体及按种族/民族分层）来检验社会人口学因素和心理健康问题与种族/民族歧视感知之间的关联。
15%的儿童报告经历过种族/民族歧视，其中80%报告歧视发生在学校。与白人（7%）儿童相比，更大比例的黑人（20%）、西班牙裔（15%）及其他（16%）儿童报告经历过种族/民族歧视。报告经历过种族/民族歧视的儿童更有可能出现分析中纳入的4种心理健康状况中的每一种症状：抑郁、注意力缺陷多动障碍、对立违抗障碍和品行障碍。在黑人、西班牙裔及其他儿童中发现了种族/民族歧视感知与抑郁症状之间的关联，但在白人儿童中未发现。
种族/民族歧视感知在五年级学生中并非罕见经历，可能与多种心理健康障碍有关。
