Fuxe K, Andersson K, Hökfelt T, Mutt V, Ferland L, Agnati L F, Ganten D, Said S, Eneroth P, Gustafsson J A
Fed Proc. 1979 Aug;38(9):2333-40.
The localization of various neuropeptides is described in the gut and in the hypothalamus in the rat. Evidence is given for the presence of material resembling corticotropin-like intermediate peptide in arcuate and periarcuate neurons, projecting to various hypothalamic nuclei, limbic areas and the thalamus. beta-Endorphin and glucagon decrease dopamine turnover in the median eminence, while secretin increases dopamine turnover and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) has no effect. beta-Endorphin, VIP, secretin, and glucagon all produce discrete changes in norepinephrine turnover in various hypothalamic nuclei. Mainly increases of norepinephrine turnover were observed. These catecholamine turnover changes appear to cause changes in the secretion of prolactin and growth hormone. The results therefore indicate that gut hormones and opioid peptides may act directly on the hypothalamus on specific types of receptors to participate in the control of hypothalamic functions such as control of hormone secretion from the anterior pituitary and of food intake. It seems possible that gastrointestinal peptides released from the gastrointestinal tract into the circulation under certain circumstances could reach the hypothalamus and modulate its activity via the above-mentioned mechanisms. It may therefore be speculated that disturbances in gastrointestinal functions could lead to pathological changes in food intake via modulation of hypothalamic activity.
本文描述了大鼠肠道和下丘脑中各种神经肽的定位。有证据表明，在弓状核和弓状核周围的神经元中存在类似促肾上腺皮质激素样中间肽的物质，这些神经元投射到各种下丘脑核、边缘系统区域和丘脑。β-内啡肽和胰高血糖素可降低正中隆起处的多巴胺周转率，而促胰液素可增加多巴胺周转率，血管活性肠肽（VIP）则无影响。β-内啡肽、VIP、促胰液素和胰高血糖素都会使各种下丘脑核中的去甲肾上腺素周转率发生离散变化。主要观察到去甲肾上腺素周转率增加。这些儿茶酚胺周转率的变化似乎会导致催乳素和生长激素分泌的变化。因此，结果表明肠道激素和阿片肽可能直接作用于下丘脑的特定类型受体，参与下丘脑功能的控制，如控制垂体前叶激素分泌和食物摄入。在某些情况下，从胃肠道释放到循环中的胃肠肽有可能通过上述机制到达下丘脑并调节其活动。因此，可以推测胃肠道功能紊乱可能通过调节下丘脑活动导致食物摄入的病理变化。
