Division of Human Nutrition, Academic collaborative centre AGORA, Wageningen University, Bomenweg 4, Wageningen 6703 HD, the Netherlands.
BMC Public Health. 2012 Jan 21;12:65. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-65.
Cross-sectional studies have reported associations between social support and health, but prospective evidence is less conclusive. This study aims to investigate the associations of positive and negative experiences of social support with current and future lifestyle factors, biological risk factors, self-perceived health and mental health over a 10-year period.
Data were from 4,724 Dutch men and women aged 26-65 years who participated in the second (1993-1997) and in the third (1998-2002) or fourth (2003-2007) study round of the Doetinchem Cohort Study. Social support was measured at round two using the Social Experiences Checklist. Health was assessed by several indicators such as smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, fruit and vegetable intake, overweight, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, self-perceived health and mental health. Tertiles of positive and negative experiences of social support were analysed in association with repeated measurements of prevalence and incidence of several health indicators using generalised estimating equations (GEE).
Positive and negative experiences of social support were associated with prevalence and incidence of poor mental health. For the lowest tertile of positive support, odds ratios were 2.74 (95% CI 2.32-3.23) for prevalent poor mental health and 1.86 (95% CI 1.39-2.49) for incident poor mental health. For the highest tertile of negatively experienced support, odds ratios for prevalent and incident poor mental health were 3.28 (95% CI 2.78-3.87) and 1.60 (95% CI 1.21-2.12), respectively. Low levels of positive experiences of social support were also associated with low current intake of fruits and vegetables, but not with future intake. Negative experiences of social support were additionally associated with current smoking, physical inactivity, overweight and poor self-perceived health. Furthermore, high levels of negative experiences of social support were associated with future excessive alcohol consumption (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.10-1.84), physical inactivity (95% CI 1.28; 1.03-1.58) and poor self-perceived health (OR 1.36; 95% CI 1.01-1.82).
This study showed that social support might have a beneficial effect on lifestyle and health, with negative experiences of social support affecting lifestyle and health differently from positive experiences of social support.
横断面研究报告了社会支持与健康之间的关系，但前瞻性证据并不那么确凿。本研究旨在调查积极和消极的社会支持经历与当前和未来生活方式因素、生物学风险因素、自我感知健康和心理健康之间的关系，研究时间跨度为 10 年。
数据来自于 4724 名年龄在 26-65 岁的荷兰男性和女性，他们参加了杜廷赫姆队列研究的第二轮（1993-1997 年）和第三轮（1998-2002 年）或第四轮（2003-2007 年）研究。社会支持在第二轮研究中使用社会经历检查表进行测量。健康由多种指标评估，如吸烟、饮酒、身体活动、水果和蔬菜摄入量、超重、高血压、高胆固醇血症、自我感知健康和心理健康。使用广义估计方程（GEE）分析积极和消极社会支持体验的三分位数与多种健康指标的患病率和发病率的相关性。
积极和消极的社会支持经历与心理健康不良的患病率和发病率有关。对于最低三分位的积极支持，当前心理健康不良的患病率比值比为 2.74（95%CI 2.32-3.23），当前心理健康不良的发病率比值比为 1.86（95%CI 1.39-2.49）。对于体验到的消极支持最高三分位，当前和新发心理健康不良的患病率比值比分别为 3.28（95%CI 2.78-3.87）和 1.60（95%CI 1.21-2.12）。低水平的积极社会支持体验也与当前水果和蔬菜摄入量低有关，但与未来摄入量无关。社会支持的消极体验还与当前吸烟、身体活动不足、超重和自我感知健康状况不佳有关。此外，高水平的消极社会支持体验与未来过度饮酒（OR 1.42；95%CI 1.10-1.84）、身体活动不足（95%CI 1.28-1.03-1.58）和自我感知健康状况不佳（OR 1.36；95%CI 1.01-1.82）有关。
本研究表明，社会支持可能对生活方式和健康有有益的影响，而消极的社会支持体验对生活方式和健康的影响与积极的社会支持体验不同。
