University of Kansas Medical Center, Department of Neurology, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
Early Hum Dev. 2012 Jul;88(7):539-46. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2011.12.017. Epub 2012 Jan 20.
We explored whether maternal exercise during pregnancy moderates the effect of fetal breathing movements on fetal cardiac autonomic control assessed by metrics of heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV). Thirty women were assigned to Exercise or Control group (n=15/group) based on the modifiable physical activity questionnaire (MPAQ). Magnetocardiograms (MCG) were recorded using a dedicated fetal biomagnetometer. Periods of fetal breathing activity and apnea were identified using the fetal diaphragmatic magnetomyogram (dMMG) as a marker. MCG R-waves were marked. Metrics of fetal HR and HRV were compared using 1 breathing and 1 apneic epoch/fetus. The main effects of group (Exercise vs. Control) and condition (Apnea vs. Breathing) and their interactions were explored. Fetal breathing resulted in significantly lower fetal HR and higher vagally-mediated HRV. Maternal exercise resulted in significantly lower fetal HR, higher total HRV and vagally-mediated HRV with no difference in frequency band ratios. Significant interactions between maternal exercise and fetal breathing were found for metrics summarizing total HRV and a parasympathetic metric. Post hoc comparison showed no group difference during fetal apnea. Fetal breathing was associated with a loss of Total HRV in the Control group and no difference in the Exercise group. Both groups show enhanced vagal function during fetal breathing; greater in the Exercise group. During in utero breathing movements, the fetus of the exercising mother has enhanced cardiac autonomic function that may give the offspring an adaptive advantage.
我们探讨了母亲在怀孕期间的运动是否能调节胎儿呼吸运动对胎儿心脏自主控制的影响，评估指标为心率 (HR) 和心率变异性 (HRV)。30 名孕妇根据可调节体力活动问卷 (MPAQ) 被分配到运动组或对照组 (每组 n=15)。使用专用胎儿生物磁强计记录心磁图 (MCG)。胎儿膈肌肌磁图 (dMMG) 作为标志物识别胎儿呼吸活动和呼吸暂停期。MCG R 波被标记。使用 1 次呼吸和 1 次呼吸暂停期/胎儿比较胎儿 HR 和 HRV 的指标。探讨了组 (运动与对照) 和条件 (呼吸暂停与呼吸) 的主要影响及其相互作用。胎儿呼吸导致胎儿 HR 显著降低和迷走神经介导的 HRV 增加。母亲运动导致胎儿 HR 显著降低，总 HRV 和迷走神经介导的 HRV 增加，各频带比值无差异。总结总 HRV 和迷走神经指标的交互作用在母体运动和胎儿呼吸之间存在显著差异。事后比较显示胎儿呼吸暂停时两组间无差异。胎儿呼吸导致对照组总 HRV 下降，运动组无差异。两组在胎儿呼吸时均表现出迷走神经功能增强；运动组更强。在宫内呼吸运动期间，运动母亲的胎儿心脏自主功能增强，这可能使后代具有适应性优势。
