Psychology, School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK.
Accid Anal Prev. 2012 Mar;45:19-28. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.11.022. Epub 2011 Dec 26.
Self-regulation in driving has primarily been studied as a precursor to driving cessation in older people, who minimise driving risk and compensate for physical and cognitive decline by avoiding driving in challenging circumstances, e.g. poor weather conditions, in the dark and at busy times. This research explores whether other demographic groups of drivers adopt self-regulatory behaviours and examines the effects of affective and instrumental attitudes on self-regulation across the lifespan. Quantitative data were collected from 395 drivers. Women were significantly more likely than men to engage in self-regulation, and to be negatively influenced by their emotions (affective attitude). A quadratic effect of age on self-regulation was determined such that younger and older drivers reported higher scores for self-regulation than middle-years' drivers. However, this effect was affected by experience such that when experience was controlled for, self-regulation increased with age. Nevertheless, anxious driving style and negative affective attitude were independent predictors of self-regulation behaviours. Results suggest that self-regulation behaviours are present across the driving lifespan and may occur as a result of driving anxiety or low confidence rather than as an effect of ageing.
驾驶中的自我调节主要在老年人中进行研究，老年人会通过避免在恶劣天气、夜间和交通高峰期等困难情况下驾驶来最小化驾驶风险，并弥补身体和认知能力的下降。本研究探讨了其他年龄段的驾驶员是否会采取自我调节行为，并研究了情感和工具态度对整个生命周期中自我调节的影响。从 395 名驾驶员那里收集了定量数据。女性比男性更有可能进行自我调节，并且更容易受到情绪（情感态度）的影响。确定了年龄对自我调节的二次效应，即年轻和年长的驾驶员比中年驾驶员报告的自我调节得分更高。然而，这种效应受到经验的影响，当控制经验时，自我调节会随着年龄的增长而增加。尽管如此，焦虑的驾驶风格和消极的情感态度是自我调节行为的独立预测因素。研究结果表明，自我调节行为在整个驾驶生涯中都存在，可能是由于驾驶焦虑或缺乏信心，而不是衰老的结果。
