Department of Exercise Science & Sport Studies, Springfield College, Springfield, MA 01109, USA.
Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2012 Jun;10(3):167-74. doi: 10.1089/met.2011.0104. Epub 2012 Jan 27.
Preserving fat-free mass (FFM) during weight loss is important in older adults. The purpose was to examine a low-fat diet (LFD) versus a carbohydrate-restricted diet (CRD) with and without progressive resistance exercise (PRE) on preservation of FFM in older men with metabolic syndrome.
A total of 42 men (59±7 years) were matched [body mass index (BMI)] and randomized to LFD, LFD&PRE, CRD, and CRD&PRE. PRE groups performed supervised strength training three times per week. Body weight, composition, metabolic syndrome criteria, and strength were measured at baseline and week 12. A 3-day diet record was kept at baseline and at weeks 1, 6, and 12.
Attrition (24%) was similar between groups. Depicted as % carbohydrate:fat:protein, the intervention diet was: LFD=55:24:18, LFD&PRE=57:20:20, CRD=16:54:28, and CRD&PRE=12:56:31. Weight (lb) decreased similarly in all groups (LFD, -18.0±7.4; LFD&PRE, -19.8±12.8; CRD, -20.2±8.0; CRD&PRE, -22.7±6.0; P<0.001), and number of participants with metabolic syndrome decreased in all groups (-3, -6, -3, -4, respectively). Percent of weight loss from appendicular FFM was 27.5%, 15.9%, 15.7%, and 17.3% respectively. A trend was found when comparing LFD and LFD&PRE (P=0.068), and when comparing LFD&CRD (P=0.072). Triglycerides improved more for the LFD&PRE, CRD, and CRD&PRE groups compared to the LFD group (P<0.05). Improvements in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol were better in the CRD&PRE group (4.1±5.1 mg/dL) versus the LFD group (-5.0±5.9 mg/dL; P<0.01).
LFD&PRE, CRD, and CRD&PRE preserve FFM similarly. PRE is an important component of a LFD during weight loss in this population.
在老年人中，减肥期间保留去脂体重（FFM）很重要。本研究旨在比较低脂饮食（LFD）与低碳水化合物饮食（CRD），以及有无渐进式抗阻运动（PRE）对患有代谢综合征的老年男性保留 FFM 的影响。
共纳入 42 名男性（59±7 岁），根据体重指数（BMI）进行匹配，并随机分为 LFD 组、LFD+PRE 组、CRD 组和 CRD+PRE 组。PRE 组每周进行三次监督力量训练。在基线和第 12 周测量体重、身体成分、代谢综合征标准和力量。在基线和第 1、6 和 12 周记录 3 天的饮食记录。
各组的脱落率（24%）相似。干预饮食的碳水化合物：脂肪：蛋白质比例为：LFD=55:24:18，LFD+PRE=57:20:20，CRD=16:54:28，CRD+PRE=12:56:31。所有组的体重（磅）均相似下降（LFD，-18.0±7.4；LFD+PRE，-19.8±12.8；CRD，-20.2±8.0；CRD+PRE，-22.7±6.0；P<0.001），所有组的代谢综合征患者人数均减少（分别为-3、-6、-3、-4）。从四肢去脂体重中丢失的体重百分比分别为 27.5%、15.9%、15.7%和 17.3%。当比较 LFD 和 LFD+PRE 时，存在趋势（P=0.068），当比较 LFD+CRD 时，也存在趋势（P=0.072）。与 LFD 组相比，LFD+PRE、CRD 和 CRD+PRE 组的甘油三酯改善更为明显（P<0.05）。CRD+PRE 组的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇改善更好（4.1±5.1 mg/dL），而 LFD 组则下降（-5.0±5.9 mg/dL；P<0.01）。
LFD+PRE、CRD 和 CRD+PRE 对 FFM 的保留作用相似。在该人群中，PRE 是减肥期间 LFD 的重要组成部分。
