Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Sports and Nutrition, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Dr. Meurerlaan 8, 1067 SM, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, De Boelenlaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Nutr J. 2017 Feb 6;16(1):10. doi: 10.1186/s12937-017-0229-6.
Intentional weight loss in obese older adults is a risk factor for accelerated muscle mass loss. We investigated whether a high protein diet and/or resistance exercise preserves fat free mass (FFM) during weight loss in overweight and obese older adults.
We included 100 overweight and obese adults (55-80 year) in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) with a 2 × 2 factorial design and intention-to-treat analysis. During a 10-week weight loss program all subjects followed a hypocaloric diet. Subjects were randomly allocated to either a high protein (1.3 g/kg body weight) or normal protein diet (0.8 g/kg), with or without a resistance exercise program 3 times/week. FFM was assessed by air displacement plethysmography.
At baseline, mean (±SD) BMI was 32 ± 4 kg/m. During intervention, protein intake was 1.13 ± 0.35 g/kg in the high protein groups vs. 0.98 ± 0.29 in the normal protein groups, which reflects a 16.3 ± 5.2 g/d higher protein intake in the high protein groups. Both high protein diet and exercise did not significantly affect change in body weight, FFM and fat mass (FM). No significant protein*exercise interaction effect was observed for FFM. However, within-group analysis showed that high protein in combination with exercise significantly increased FFM (+0.6 ± 1.3 kg, p = 0.011).
A high protein diet, though lower than targeted, did not significantly affect changes in FFM during modest weight loss in older overweight and obese adults. There was no significant interaction between the high protein diet and resistance exercise for change in FFM. However, only the group with the combined intervention of high protein diet and resistance exercise significantly increased in FFM.
Dutch Trial Register, number NTR4556, date 05-01-2014.
肥胖的老年人进行有意图的体重减轻是肌肉质量加速丢失的风险因素。我们研究了高蛋白饮食和/或抗阻运动是否可以在超重和肥胖的老年人减轻体重期间保持去脂体重（FFM）。
我们纳入了一项随机对照试验（RCT）的 100 名超重和肥胖成年人（55-80 岁），该 RCT 采用 2×2 析因设计和意向治疗分析。在为期 10 周的减肥计划中，所有受试者均遵循低热量饮食。受试者被随机分配到高蛋白（1.3 g/kg 体重）或正常蛋白饮食（0.8 g/kg）组，同时或不进行每周 3 次的抗阻运动计划。FFM 通过空气置换体积描记法进行评估。
在基线时，平均（±SD）BMI 为 32±4 kg/m。在干预期间，高蛋白组的蛋白质摄入量为 1.13±0.35 g/kg，正常蛋白组为 0.98±0.29 g/kg，高蛋白组的蛋白质摄入量每天增加 16.3±5.2 g。高蛋白饮食和运动均未显著影响体重、FFM 和脂肪量（FM）的变化。未观察到 FFM 方面的蛋白质*运动交互作用效应。然而，组内分析显示，高蛋白饮食与运动相结合可显著增加 FFM（+0.6±1.3 kg，p=0.011）。
高蛋白饮食（尽管低于目标值）并未显著影响老年超重和肥胖成年人适度减重期间 FFM 的变化。高蛋白饮食和抗阻运动对 FFM 的变化之间无显著的交互作用。然而，只有高蛋白饮食和抗阻运动联合干预的组 FFM 显著增加。
荷兰试验注册中心，编号 NTR4556，日期 2014 年 5 月 1 日。
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