Laboratory of Biology and Biotechnology of Microorganisms, Environmental Microbiology and Toxicology Unit, Cadi Ayyad University, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakesh, Morocco.
Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; CIIMAR/CIMAR Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2012 May;79:199-205. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.01.002. Epub 2012 Jan 28.
The cyanobacterial toxins microcystins (MC) are known to affect many processes in plants. Their presence in the water used for irrigation may have considerable impact on the survivorship, growth and development of plants. In this study, a crude extract of a toxic cyanobacterial bloom from "Lalla Takerkoust" reservoir (Morocco) was used to study the effects of extract containing MC on tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum). Five MC variants: MC-LR, MC-FR, MC-LY, MC-(H4)-YR and DMC-LR were identified by HPLC in the cyanobacterial extract. Exposure of the seeds to the crude extract (containing 22.24 μg MC mL(-1)) caused a reduction of germination up to 85%. Experiments showed that 30 days exposure of plant to the cyanobacterial extract containing MC caused inhibition of L. esculentum growth and productivity, as well as harmful effects on photosystem II activity, measured by Fv/Fm fluorescence. An accumulation of nutrients Na(+), K(+) and Ca(2+) was also registered. The activity of peroxidase and phenolic content indicated that the extract caused an oxidative stress. The tissue necrosis of leaves was also a consequence of MC exposure indicating a disorder in the exposed plant metabolism.
蓝藻毒素微囊藻毒素 (MC) 已知会影响植物的许多过程。它们在用于灌溉的水中的存在可能会对植物的存活、生长和发育产生相当大的影响。在这项研究中，使用来自摩洛哥“拉拉塔克尔库斯特”水库的有毒蓝藻水华的粗提取物来研究含有 MC 的提取物对番茄植物 (Lycopersicon esculentum) 的影响。五种 MC 变体：MC-LR、MC-FR、MC-LY、MC-(H4)-YR 和 DMC-LR 通过 HPLC 在蓝藻提取物中被鉴定出来。种子暴露于粗提取物（含有 22.24 μg MC mL(-1)) 会导致发芽率降低高达 85%。实验表明，植物暴露于含有 MC 的蓝藻提取物 30 天会抑制 L. esculentum 的生长和生产力，并对通过 Fv/Fm 荧光测量的光合作用 II 活性产生有害影响。还记录了营养物质 Na(+)、K(+) 和 Ca(2+) 的积累。过氧化物酶活性和酚类含量表明提取物引起了氧化应激。叶片组织坏死也是 MC 暴露的结果，表明暴露植物的新陈代谢出现紊乱。
