Steindorf K, Schmidt M, Ulrich C
AG Bewegung und Krebs, Umweltepidemiologie, Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz. 2012 Jan;55(1):10-6. doi: 10.1007/s00103-011-1385-z.
Numerous epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that regular physical activity convincingly reduces risk for colon cancer, probably for endometrium and postmenopausal breast cancer, and possibly for premenopausal breast, prostate, lung, and pancreas cancer. Relative risk reductions range from 10-30%. On the absolute scale about 9-19% of the most frequent cancers can be attributed to a lack of sufficient physical activity. Thus, exercise, as a modifiable health behavior, has a strong potential for primary cancer prevention. Current recommendations call for at least 30-60 min of moderate to vigorous activity daily. Physical activity is also increasingly gaining importance in cancer treatment and is now considered to be feasible, safe, and even recommended in almost all stages of disease. Randomized-controlled trials show that disease- and treatment-related symptoms, such as fatigue, sleep disorders, and depression which sometimes limit quality of life in cancer patients over years, can be reduced by physical activity. For disease-specific and total mortality, clinical studies are not yet available. However, preliminary observational studies with breast, colon, and prostate cancer patients show risk reductions.
众多流行病学研究表明，规律的体育活动能令人信服地降低患结肠癌的风险，可能还能降低子宫内膜癌和绝经后乳腺癌的风险，也有可能降低绝经前乳腺癌、前列腺癌、肺癌和胰腺癌的风险。相对风险降低幅度在10%至30%之间。从绝对数值来看，约9%至19%的最常见癌症可归因于缺乏足够的体育活动。因此，运动作为一种可改变的健康行为，在癌症一级预防方面具有强大潜力。当前建议每天至少进行30至60分钟的中度至剧烈运动。体育活动在癌症治疗中的重要性也日益凸显，目前被认为是可行、安全的，甚至在疾病的几乎所有阶段都被推荐。随机对照试验表明，体育活动可以减轻与疾病和治疗相关的症状，如疲劳、睡眠障碍和抑郁，这些症状有时会在数年里限制癌症患者的生活质量。关于疾病特异性死亡率和总死亡率，目前尚无临床研究。然而，对乳腺癌、结肠癌和前列腺癌患者的初步观察性研究显示风险有所降低。
