Department of Ecology and Evolution, Biophore, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Behav Brain Sci. 2012 Feb;35(1):23-4. doi: 10.1017/S0140525X1100121X.
Experimental studies on punishment have sometimes been over-interpreted not only for the reasons Guala lists, but also because of a frequent conflation of proximate and ultimate explanatory levels that Guala's review perpetuates. Moreover, for future analyses we may need a clearer classification of different kinds of punishment.
惩罚的实验研究有时不仅因为瓜拉列出的原因而被过度解释，而且还因为瓜拉的综述经常混淆近因和终极解释层次。此外，对于未来的分析，我们可能需要对不同类型的惩罚进行更清晰的分类。
