Golmirzaei Javad, Namazi Shole, Amiri Shahrokh, Zare Shahram, Rastikerdar Najme, Hesam Ali Akbar, Rahami Zahra, Ghasemian Fatemeh, Namazi Seyyed Shojaeddin, Paknahad Abbas, Mahmudi Forugh, Mahboobi Hamidreza, Khorgoei Tahereh, Niknejad Bahareh, Dehghani Fatemeh, Asadi Shima
Research Center for Behavioral and Neurosciences, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
Int J Pediatr. 2013;2013:953103. doi: 10.1155/2013/953103. Epub 2013 Nov 10.
Background. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders among children. The aim of this study was to evaluate risk factors for ADHD in children. Method. In this case-control study, 404 children between 4 and 11 years old were selected by cluster sampling method from preschool children (208 patients as cases and 196 controls). All the participants were interviewed by a child and adolescent psychiatrist to survey risk factors of ADHD. Results. Among cases, 59.3% of children were boys and 38.4% were girls, which is different to that in control group with 40.7% boys and 61.6% girls. The chi-square showed statistically significance (P value < 0.0001). The other significant factors by chi-square were fathers' somatic or psychiatric disease (P value < 0.0001), history of trauma and accident during pregnancy (P value = 0.039), abortion proceeds (P value < 0.0001), unintended pregnancy (P value < 0.0001), and history of head trauma (P value < 0.0001). Conclusions. Findings of our study suggest that maternal and paternal adverse events were associated with ADHD symptoms, but breast feeding is a protective factor.
背景。注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是儿童中最常见的精神疾病之一。本研究的目的是评估儿童患ADHD的风险因素。方法。在这项病例对照研究中，采用整群抽样方法从学龄前儿童中选取了404名4至11岁的儿童（208例患者作为病例组，196例作为对照组）。所有参与者均由儿童及青少年精神科医生进行访谈，以调查ADHD的风险因素。结果。病例组中，59.3%的儿童为男孩，38.4%为女孩，这与对照组不同，对照组中男孩占40.7%，女孩占61.6%。卡方检验显示具有统计学意义（P值<0.0001）。通过卡方检验得出的其他显著因素包括父亲的躯体疾病或精神疾病（P值<0.0001）、孕期创伤和事故史（P值=0.039）、流产史（P值<0.0001）、意外怀孕（P值<0.0001）以及头部外伤史（P值<0.0001）。结论。我们的研究结果表明，母亲和父亲的不良事件与ADHD症状有关，但母乳喂养是一个保护因素。
