Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
J Toxicol Sci. 2012 Feb;37(1):1-11. doi: 10.2131/jts.37.1.
Previous studies have shown that thymoquinone (TQ) exerts protective effects in some models of pesticide-induced immunotoxicity. However, no data exist regarding its possible modulatory effect during imidacloprid (IC)-induced toxicity. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of TQ on IC-induced immunotoxicity. Sixty adult male albino rats were divided into three groups of twenty animals each. The control group was given distilled water orally, while the IC-treated group was orally administered 0.01 LD(50 )(0.21 mg/kg body weight) of IC insecticide daily for 28 days. The animals in the third group (IC/TQ group) received the same IC dose as the IC-treated group for 28 days in addition to an intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection of TQ (1 mg/kg) once every 7 days. We found that IC induced significant increases (P < 0.05) in total leukocyte counts, total immunoglobulins (Igs) (especially IgGs), the hemagglutination of antibodies, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared to the control group. In contrast, significant decreases (P < 0.05) in phagocytic activity, chemokine expression and chemotaxis were observed in the IC-treated group, as were severe histopathological lesions in the liver, spleen and thymus. Notably, TQ supplementation ameliorated the biochemical, histopathological, and immunological changes induced by IC by increasing phagocytic activity, chemokinesis, chemotaxis, immunoglobulin levels, and the hemagglutination of antibodies, as well as by decreasing hepatic enzymes and serum MDA levels. Taken together, our data reveal the benefits of TQ supplementation for ameliorating IC toxicity by decreasing oxidative stress and enhancing immune efficiency.
先前的研究表明，百里醌（TQ）在一些杀虫剂诱导的免疫毒性模型中发挥保护作用。然而，关于其在吡虫啉（IC）诱导的毒性中可能的调节作用尚无数据。因此，本研究旨在探讨 TQ 对 IC 诱导的免疫毒性的影响。将 60 只成年雄性白化大鼠分为三组，每组 20 只。对照组给予口服蒸馏水，IC 处理组给予口服 0.01LD（50）（0.21mg/kg 体重）IC 杀虫剂，每天一次，共 28 天。第三组（IC/TQ 组）在给予 IC 处理组相同 IC 剂量的基础上，每 7 天腹腔注射 TQ（1mg/kg）一次，共 28 天。我们发现，与对照组相比，IC 诱导总白细胞计数、总免疫球蛋白（Igs）（尤其是 IgG）、抗体血凝、丙氨酸氨基转移酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和丙二醛（MDA）显著增加（P<0.05）。相反，在 IC 处理组中观察到吞噬活性、趋化因子表达和趋化作用显著降低（P<0.05），肝、脾和胸腺也出现严重的组织病理学损伤。值得注意的是，TQ 补充剂通过增加吞噬活性、趋化作用、趋化性、免疫球蛋白水平和抗体血凝、降低肝酶和血清 MDA 水平，改善了由 IC 引起的生化、组织病理学和免疫变化。综上所述，我们的数据揭示了 TQ 补充剂通过降低氧化应激和增强免疫效率来改善 IC 毒性的益处。
