Patel Vanash M, Warren Oliver, Ahmed Kamran, Humphris Penny, Abbasi Sehlah, Ashrafian Hutan, Darzi Ara, Athanasiou Thanos
Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, St Mary’s Hospital, London, UK.
ANZ J Surg. 2011 Jun;81(6):418-24. doi: 10.1111/j.1445-2197.2011.05779.x.
In the past, surgical training has been based on traditional apprenticeship model of mentoring. To cope with the rapidly changing environment of modern surgery, the mentoring process may require significant modernization.
Literature for this review was identified by searching for the MeSH heading ‘mentors’ in Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library databases (1950 to September 2010). The literature was reviewed to specifically identify challenges of mentoring future surgeons and to delineate a framework to establish a mentor–mentee relationship by means of a formal mentoring scheme.
Multidimensional approaches, models and methods of delivering mentoring are essential to meet the challenges of modern surgery. We advocate a 10-stage approach to implement a formal mentoring scheme at local, national and international levels.
Formalizing the mentoring process, with local, national and international schemes, will initiate mentoring relationships and cultivate a mentoring culture. Ultimately, this will maintain and improve patient care.
过去，外科培训基于传统的师徒指导模式。为应对现代外科迅速变化的环境，指导过程可能需要重大的现代化改进。
通过在Ovid MEDLINE、EMBASE、PsycINFO和Cochrane图书馆数据库（1950年至2010年9月）中搜索医学主题词“指导者”来确定本综述的文献。对文献进行综述，以明确指导未来外科医生所面临的挑战，并勾勒出通过正式指导计划建立指导者-被指导者关系的框架。
采用多维方法、模式和方式进行指导对于应对现代外科的挑战至关重要。我们提倡采用10个阶段的方法在地方、国家和国际层面实施正式的指导计划。
通过地方、国家和国际计划使指导过程正规化，将启动指导关系并培育指导文化。最终，这将维持并改善患者护理。
