Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taiwan.
Kaohsiung J Med Sci. 2012 Feb;28(2 Suppl):S13-25. doi: 10.1016/j.kjms.2011.08.004. Epub 2012 Jan 9.
All life forms on earth, including humans, are constantly subjected to the universal force of gravitation, and thus to forces from within and surrounding the body. Through the study of the interaction of these forces and their effects, the form, function and motion of our bodies can be examined and the resulting knowledge applied to promote quality of life. Under gravity and other loads, and controlled by the nervous system, human movement is achieved through a complex and highly coordinated mechanical interaction between bones, muscles, ligaments and joints within the musculoskeletal system. Any injury to, or lesion in, any of the individual elements of the musculoskeletal system will change the mechanical interaction and cause degradation, instability or disability of movement. On the other hand, proper modification, manipulation and control of the mechanical environment can help prevent injury, correct abnormality, and speed healing and rehabilitation. Therefore, understanding the biomechanics and loading of each element during movement using motion analysis is helpful for studying disease etiology, making decisions about treatment, and evaluating treatment effects. In this article, the history and methodology of human movement biomechanics, and the theoretical and experimental methods developed for the study of human movement, are reviewed. Examples of motion analysis of various patient groups, prostheses and orthoses, and sports and exercises, are used to demonstrate the use of biomechanical and stereophotogrammetry-based human motion analysis studies to address clinical issues. It is suggested that further study of the biomechanics of human movement and its clinical applications will benefit from the integration of existing engineering techniques and the continuing development of new technology.
地球上所有的生命形式，包括人类，都不断受到万有引力的作用，从而受到来自身体内部和周围的力的作用。通过研究这些力的相互作用及其影响，可以检查我们身体的形态、功能和运动，并将由此产生的知识应用于提高生活质量。在重力和其他负荷下，并受神经系统的控制，人体运动是通过骨骼、肌肉、韧带和关节在骨骼肌肉系统内的复杂而高度协调的机械相互作用来实现的。骨骼肌肉系统的任何一个单独元素的任何损伤或病变都会改变机械相互作用，并导致运动的退化、不稳定或功能丧失。另一方面，对机械环境进行适当的修改、操作和控制，可以帮助预防损伤、纠正异常，并加速愈合和康复。因此，通过运动分析了解运动过程中每个元素的生物力学和载荷情况，有助于研究疾病的病因、做出治疗决策以及评估治疗效果。本文回顾了人类运动生物力学的历史和方法，以及为研究人类运动而开发的理论和实验方法。通过对各种患者群体、假肢和矫形器以及运动和锻炼的运动分析示例，展示了基于生物力学和立体摄影测量学的人体运动分析研究在解决临床问题中的应用。有人建议，进一步研究人类运动的生物力学及其临床应用将受益于现有工程技术的整合和新技术的不断发展。
